MySQL LOAD DATA 语句的一些主从一致性测试

导读

作者:沃趣-罗小波

沃趣科技高级数据库技术专家,主要负责MySQL RDS产品的原型与架构设计。熟悉MySQL体系结构,Innodb存储引擎,喜好专研开源技术,追求完美

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本文建议横屏观看,效果更佳

原文目录

 

1、制造测试数据

 

2、read-uncommitted隔离级别

 

2.1. binlog_format=statement

 

2.2. binlog_format=mixed

 

2.3. binlog_format=row

 

3、read-committed隔离级别

 

3.1. binlog_format=statement

 

3.2. binlog_format=mixed

 

3.3. binlog_format=row

 

4、repeatable-read隔离级别

 

4.1. binlog_format=statement

 

4.2. binlog_format=mixed

 

4.3. binlog_format=row

 

5、serializable隔离级别

 

5.1. binlog_format=statement

 

5.2. binlog_format=mixed

 

5.3. binlog_format=row

 

6、总结

背景

  • 机器配置
    * CPU:16 vcpus
    * 磁盘:100G flash卡 data&binlog混用
    * 内存:64G
  • 数据库版本:MySQL 5.7.18
  • 数据库IP信息:主库IP 10.10.30.241,从库IP 10.10.30.250
  • 数据库参数配置:
  • 主库:双一,log_slave_updates,log-bin,secure_file_priv='',server-id=3306241,binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON,sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_ TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
  • 从库:双一,log_slave_updates,log-bin,binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON,server-id=3306250,sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE _SUBSTITUTION'
  • 测试目的:通过示例演示并查看过程中binlog中如何记录load data语句等方式来验证 load data语句如何保证主备复制数据一致性。

    将分别在四种隔离级别下(会话级别修改tx_isolation)针对binlog_format(会话级别修改binlog_format)的三种格式分别进行演示执行load data语句,观察MySQL server层如何处理,主库binlog中如何记录load data语句,备库的binlog中如何如何记录load data语句

    本文假定你已经搭建好了主备复制环境,如果未搭建请先自行搭建主备复制环境

PS:本文仅针对测试目的做验证演示,关于binlog_format三种格式以及事务的四种隔离级别详细 说明请查阅相关资料,本文不做解读
  • binlog_format参考资料: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-formats.html 
  • 事务隔离级别参考资料: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html

1、制造测试数据

  • 建库

admin@localhost : (none) 07:34:39> create database ifnot exists xiaoboluo;	
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  • 建表

admin@localhost : (none) 10:04:52> use xiaoboluo	
Database changed	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:04:57> create table ifnot exists test_load(id intunsignednotnull primary key auto_increment,test varchar(100));	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  • 插入测试数据

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:05:32> insert into test_load(test) values('1'),('2'),('null'),('4');	
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
Records: 4Duplicates: 0Warnings: 0	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:06:01> select* from test_load;	
+----+------+	
| id | test |	
+----+------+	
|  2| 1|	
|  4| 2|	
|  6| null|	
|  8| 4|	
+----+------+	
4 rows inset(0.00 sec)
  • 执行select ...into outifile语句生成load data需要的数据文本文件

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:12:41> select* from test_load into outfile "/tmp/test_load.txt";	
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:12:42> system cat /tmp/test_load.txt;	
21	
42	
6null	
84

2、read-uncommitted隔离级别

2.1. binlog_format=statement
  • 先在主库中把binlog_format修改为statement,隔离级别修改为read-uncommitted,并刷新主从库binlog

# 主库	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:37:09> set binlog_format=statement;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:39:24> set tx_isolation='read-uncommitted';	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:39:44> flush binary logs;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
# 从库	
mysql> flush binary logs;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
mysql>
  • 主库清空表test_load并执行load data语句  

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:39:54> truncate test_load;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:41:13> load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt'into table test_load;	
ERROR 1665(HY000): Cannot execute statement: impossible to write to binary log since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT and at least one table uses a storage engine limited to row-based logging. InnoDBis limited to row-logging when transaction isolation level is READ COMMITTED or READ UNCOMMITTED.	
Error(Code1665): Cannot execute statement: impossible to write to binary log since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT and at least one table uses a storage engine limited to row-based logging. InnoDBis limited to row-logging when transaction isolation level is READ COMMITTED or READ UNCOMMITTED.	
Error(Code1015): Can't lock file (errno: 170 - It is not possible to log this statement)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:41:52>
  • 从以上结果中可以看到,在RU隔离级别下,binlog_format设置为statement不允许load data语句执行,从报错信息上可以看到,在RC和RU隔离级别下,binlog只能以row格式记录,所以statement无法记录binlog

  • 查看主库表test_load中的数据

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:41:52> select* from test_load;	
Emptyset(0.00 sec)
  • 从以上结果中可以看到,表数据并没有导入成功,现在解析binlog查看一下

[root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# ll	
total 196	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4916May400:11 mysql-bin.000014	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4557May400:12 mysql-bin.000015	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5595May409:39 mysql-bin.000016	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   366May409:41 mysql-bin.000017	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   884May409:39 mysql-bin.index	
[root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vvv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000017	
......	
use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
......	
truncate test_load	
/*!*/;	
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC'/* added by mysqlbinlog *//*!*/;	
DELIMITER ;	
# End of log file	
......
  • 从上面的结果中可以看到,解析binlog的结果中除了use db和truncate table语句之外,没有其他的操作了,说明并没有数据写入,load data语句被mysql server直接拒绝执行了

2.2. binlog_format=mixed
  • 先在主库中把binlog_format修改为mixed,隔离级别不要动,并刷新主从库binlog

# 主库	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:44:05> set binlog_format=mixed;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:49:49> flush binary logs;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
# 从库	
mysql> flush binary logs;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
mysql>
  • 主库清空表test_load并执行load data语句

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:49:57> truncate test_load;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:51:12> load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt'into table test_load;	
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
Records: 4Deleted: 0Skipped: 0Warnings: 0
  • 从以上结果中可以看到,在RU隔离级别下,binlog_format设置为mixed允许load data语句执行

  • 查看主库表test_load中的数据

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:51:24> select* from test_load;	
+----+------+	
| id | test |	
+----+------+	
|  2| 1|	
|  4| 2|	
|  6| null|	
|  8| 4|	
+----+------+	
4 rows inset(0.00 sec)
  • 从以上结果中可以看到,表数据导入成功,现在解析binlog查看一下

[root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# ll	
total 196	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4916May400:11 mysql-bin.000014	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4557May400:12 mysql-bin.000015	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5595May409:39 mysql-bin.000016	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   366May409:41 mysql-bin.000017	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   744May409:51 mysql-bin.000018	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   936May409:49 mysql-bin.index	
[root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000018	
# at 259	
#170504  9:51:12 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 354 CRC32 0xff83f0ce Query thread_id=155 exec_time=0 error_code=0	
use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
......	
truncate test_load	
......	
BEGIN	
/*!*/;	
# at 501	
#170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 583 CRC32 0xfef1767a Rows_query	
# load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt' into table test_load  # 这里可以看到load data语句在这里,这里是开启了参数binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON之后记录的原生sql,默认被加了注释,主备复制不会执行	
# at 583	
#170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 643 CRC32 0x349b62a4 Table_map: `xiaoboluo`.`test_load` mapped to number 340	
# at 643	
#170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 713 CRC32 0x4ceacc10 Write_rows: table id 340 flags: STMT_END_F	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`  #这里是用于主备复制的数据变更日志,可以看到在mixed格式下被转换为了row格式	
### SET	
###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='1' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='2' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='null' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='4' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
# at 713	
#170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 744 CRC32 0xfa76965b Xid = 1237	
COMMIT/*!*/;	
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC'/* added by mysqlbinlog *//*!*/;	
DELIMITER ;	
# End of log file	
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;	
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

  • 从上面解析binlog的结果中可以看到,数据写入成功,load data语句被转换为row格式记录在binlog中

  • 查看备库中数据是否正确复制

mysql> use xiaoboluo	
Reading table information for completion of table and column names	
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with-A	
Database changed	
mysql> select* from test_load;	
+----+------+	
| id | test |	
+----+------+	
|  2| 1|	
|  4| 2|	
|  6| null|	
|  8| 4|	
+----+------+	
4 rows inset(0.00 sec)
  • 解析备库binlog中是如何记录的load data语句

[root@e710d318-d5b4-4bc7-a606-d09f06ff5f5d binlog]# ll	
total 100	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   990May101:36 mysql-bin.000001	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 54766May400:02 mysql-bin.000002	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 21376May409:40 mysql-bin.000003	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   401May409:50 mysql-bin.000004	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   730May409:51 mysql-bin.000005	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   260May409:50 mysql-bin.index	
[root@e710d318-d5b4-4bc7-a606-d09f06ff5f5d binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000005	
...	
#170504  9:51:12 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 354 CRC32 0xff83f0ce Query thread_id=155 exec_time=0 error_code=0	
use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
...	
truncate test_load	
...	
BEGIN	
/*!*/;	
# at 487	
#170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 569 CRC32 0x67a31998 Rows_query	
# load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt' into table test_load  # 这里可以看到load data语句在这里,这里是开启了参数binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON之后记录的原生sql,默认被加了注释,主备复制不会执行	
# at 569	
#170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 629 CRC32 0x6420d19b Table_map: `xiaoboluo`.`test_load` mapped to number 301	
# at 629	
#170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 699 CRC32 0xf5fff0d8 Write_rows: table id 301 flags: STMT_END_F	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`  #这里是备库记录的主库binlog日志,可以看到在mixed格式下被转换为了row格式	
### SET	
###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='1' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='2' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='null' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='4' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
# at 699	
#170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 730 CRC32 0xd5a3bda4 Xid = 424	
COMMIT/*!*/;	
...
2.3. binlog_format=row
  • 先在主库中把binlog_format修改为row,隔离级别不要动,并刷新主从库binlog

# 主库	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:05:20> set binlog_format=row;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:18:23> flush binary logs;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
# 从库	
mysql> flush binary logs;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
mysql>
  • 主库清空表test_load并执行load data语句

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:18:26> truncate test_load;	
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:18:51> load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt'into table test_load;	
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
Records: 4Deleted: 0Skipped: 0Warnings: 0
  • 从以上结果中可以看到,在RU隔离级别下,binlog_format设置为row允许load data语句执行

  • 查看主库表test_load中的数据

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:18:57> select* from test_load;	
+----+------+	
| id | test |	
+----+------+	
|  2| 1|	
|  4| 2|	
|  6| null|	
|  8| 4|	
+----+------+	
4 rows inset(0.00 sec)
  • 从以上结果中可以看到,表数据导入成功,现在解析binlog查看一下

[root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# ll	
total 196	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4916May400:11 mysql-bin.000014	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4557May400:12 mysql-bin.000015	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5595May409:39 mysql-bin.000016	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   366May409:41 mysql-bin.000017	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   744May409:51 mysql-bin.000018	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   744May411:18 mysql-bin.000019	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   988May411:18 mysql-bin.index	
[root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000018	
# at 259	
#170504 11:18:51 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 354 CRC32 0x9d5985ad Query thread_id=155 exec_time=0 error_code=0	
use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
......	
truncate test_load	
......	
BEGIN	
/*!*/;	
# at 501	
#170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 583 CRC32 0x0e8f7603 Rows_query	
# load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt' into table test_load # 这里可以看到load data语句在这里,这里是开启了参数binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON之后记录的原生sql,默认被加了注释,主备复制不会执行	
# at 583	
#170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 643 CRC32 0xe1c5d4d0 Table_map: `xiaoboluo`.`test_load` mapped to number 341	
# at 643	
#170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 713 CRC32 0x31619df3 Write_rows: table id 341 flags: STMT_END_F	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`   #这里是用于主备复制的数据变更日志,可以看到在row格式下被转换为了row格式	
### SET	
###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='1' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='2' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='null' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='4' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
# at 713	
#170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 744 CRC32 0x18b14b52 Xid = 1245	
COMMIT/*!*/;	
......
  • 从上面解析binlog的结果中可以看到,数据写入成功,load data语句被转换为row格式记录在binlog中

  • 查看备库中数据是否正确复制

mysql> use xiaoboluo	
Database changed	
mysql> select* from test_load;	
+----+------+	
| id | test |	
+----+------+	
|  2| 1|	
|  4| 2|	
|  6| null|	
|  8| 4|	
+----+------+	
4 rows inset(0.00 sec)
  • 解析备库binlog中是如何记录的load data语句

[root@e710d318-d5b4-4bc7-a606-d09f06ff5f5d binlog]# ll	
total 100	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   990May101:36 mysql-bin.000001	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 54766May400:02 mysql-bin.000002	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 21376May409:40 mysql-bin.000003	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   401May409:50 mysql-bin.000004	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   730May409:51 mysql-bin.000005	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   730May411:18 mysql-bin.000006	
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   312May411:18 mysql-bin.index	
[root@e710d318-d5b4-4bc7-a606-d09f06ff5f5d binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000009	
......	
# at 259	
#170504 11:18:51 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 354 CRC32 0x9d5985ad Query thread_id=155 exec_time=0 error_code=0	
use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
......	
truncate test_load	
......	
# at 487	
#170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 569 CRC32 0x97dd19e1 Rows_query	
# load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt' into table test_load  # 这里可以看到load data语句在这里,这里是开启了参数binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON之后记录的原生sql,默认被加了注释,主备复制不会执行	
# at 569	
#170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 629 CRC32 0x6bef4f90 Table_map: `xiaoboluo`.`test_load` mapped to number 302	
# at 629	
#170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 699 CRC32 0x5a86b7f1 Write_rows: table id 302 flags: STMT_END_F	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`  #这里是备库记录的主库binlog日志,可以看到在row格式下被转换为了row格式,与mixed格式下记录的内容相同	
### SET	
###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='1' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='2' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='null' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
### SET	
###   @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
###   @2='4' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
# at 699	
#170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 730 CRC32 0x983a4a33 Xid = 440	
COMMIT/*!*/;	
......

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