enumerate Counter in python

the facebook hackerCup 2013:

［find the beauty of a string］

the linkage below gives a novel and clear solution using python: 

http://notes.tweakblogs.net/blog/8648/facebook-hacker-cup-2013-qualification-round-problem-analysis.html

enumerate ( sequence,  start=0 )

Return an enumerate object. sequence must be a sequence, an iterator, or some other object which supports iteration. The next() method of the iterator returned by enumerate() returns a tuple containing a count (from start which defaults to 0) and the values obtained from iterating over sequence:

>>> seasons = ['Spring', 'Summer', 'Fall', 'Winter']
>>> list(enumerate(seasons))
[(0, 'Spring'), (1, 'Summer'), (2, 'Fall'), (3, 'Winter')]
>>> list(enumerate(seasons, start=1))
[(1, 'Spring'), (2, 'Summer'), (3, 'Fall'), (4, 'Winter')]

Another important data structure: collection:

ps: IBM doc provides a series of docs about the collection in Java.

linkage : http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-5things2.html

We mainly focus on the Counter object: A counter tool is provided to support convenient and rapid tallies

1>  A Counter is a dict subclass for counting hashable objects.

2> Counter objects support three methods beyond those available for all dictionaries:

    1) elements(): which can rebuild a list ( or iterator) easily.

   2) most_common(n) : Return a list of the n most common elements and their counts from the most common to the least

    3) subtract

3> Counter objects have a dictionary interface except that they return a zero count for missing items instead of raising a KeyError