Android中Parcelable的作用

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-10 12:06:49 发布

nidayede2

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-10 12:06:49 发布

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android提供了一种新的类型：Parcel。本类被用作封装数据的容器，封装后的数据可以通过Intent或IPC传递。除了基本类型以外，只有实现了Parcelable接口的类才能被放入Parcel中。 Parcelable实现要点：需要实现三个东西1）writeToParcel 方法。该方法将类的数据写入外部提供的Parcel中.声明如下：writeToParcel (Parcel dest, int flags) 具体参数含义见javadoc2）describeContents方法。没搞懂有什么用，反正直接返回0也可以3）静态的Parcelable.Creator接口，本接口有两个方法：createFromParcel(Parcel in) 实现从in中创建出类的实例的功能newArray(int size) 创建一个类型为T，长度为size的数组，仅一句话（return new T[size])即可。估计本方法是供外部类反序列化本类数组使用。测试用的接收信息Activity

import android.app.Activity;   
 
import android.content.Intent;   
 
import android.os.Bundle;   
import android.os.Parcelable;   
  
public class Test extends Activity {   
      
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   
        setContentView(R.layout.main);   
        Intent i = getIntent();   
        Person p = i.getParcelableExtra("yes");   
        System.out.println("---->"+p.name);   
        System.out.println("---->"+p.map.size());   
    }   
}

发送的Activity

import java.util.HashMap;   
  
import android.app.Activity;   
import android.content.Intent;   
import android.os.Bundle;   
  
public class TestNew extends Activity {   
      
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   
        setContentView(R.layout.main);   
        Intent intent = new Intent();   
        Person p = new Person();   
        p.map = new HashMap<String,String>();   
        p.map.put("yes", "ido");   
        p.name="ok";   
        intent.putExtra("yes", p);   
        intent.setClass(this, Test.class);   
        startActivity(intent);   
    }   
}

Parcelable的实现类

import java.util.HashMap;   
  
import android.os.Parcel;   
import android.os.Parcelable;   
  
public class Person implements Parcelable {   
  
    public HashMap<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String> ();   
       
    public String name ;   
    @Override  
    public int describeContents() {   
        return 0;   
    }   
  
    @Override  
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {   
  
        dest.writeMap(map);   
        dest.writeString(name);   
    }   
    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Person> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Person>() {   
//重写Creator
  
        @Override  
        public Person createFromParcel(Parcel source) {   
            Person p = new Person();   
            p.map=source.readHashMap(HashMap.class.getClassLoader());   
            p.name=source.readString();   
            return p;   
        }   
  
        @Override  
        public Person[] newArray(int size) {   
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
            return null;   
        }   
    };   
  
}

下面写一下转载自http://blog.csdn.net/zyc13701469860/article/details/6429934的对Parcel的解说：

在SDK中 Parcelable类的概述是这样的：Interface for classes whose instances can be written to and restored from a Parcel. Classes implementing the Parcelable interface must also have a static field called CREATOR, which is an object implementing theParcelable.Creator interface.

这个接口的实例是通过Parcel进行存储的，在使用Parcelable的时候必须使用Parcelable.Creator。

下面上代码：

首先修改main.xml，增加一个button

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:orientation="vertical"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
    >  
<TextView    
android:id="@+id/text"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
    android:text="@string/hello"  
    />  
<Button  
android:id="@+id/button"  
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"   
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
    android:text="Parcelable">  
</Button>  
</LinearLayout>

然后是主Activity ParcelableTest.java,这个类显示UI，并通过button点击事件启动另一个Activity -- ParcelableTest2,同时通过Parcelable接口传递一些数据。

package parcelable_test.com;  
   
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.util.Log;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;  
import android.widget.Button;  
   
public class ParcelableTest extends Activity implements OnClickListener{  
public static final String KEY = "key";  
private Button button;  
public static final String TAG = "Parcelable";   
   
@Override  
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
        init();  
        Log.d(TAG, "ParcelableTest");  
    }   
   
private void init(){  
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);  
button.setOnClickListener(this);  
}  
   
private void fun(){  
Log.d(TAG, "fun");  
Person mPerson = new Person();  
mPerson.setName("tom");  
mPerson.setAge(25);  
Intent mIntent = new Intent(this,parcelable_test.com.ParcelableTest2.class);  
Bundle mBundle = new Bundle();  
mBundle.putParcelable(KEY, mPerson);  
mIntent.putExtras(mBundle);  
startActivity(mIntent);  
}  
   
@Override  
public void onClick(View v) {  
switch (v.getId()) {  
case R.id.button:  
fun();  
break;  
   
default:  
break;  
}  
}  
}

ParcelableTest2.java,这个类用于获取ParcelableTest传出的数据，并显示在UI上。

package parcelable_test.com;  
   
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.util.Log;  
import android.widget.TextView;  
   
public class ParcelableTest2 extends Activity{  
private static final String TAG = ParcelableTest.TAG;  
@Override  
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    
        setContentView(R.layout.main);       
        Log.d(TAG, "ParcelableTest2");  
        TextView textView = new TextView(this);  
        Person mPerson = (Person)getIntent().getParcelableExtra(ParcelableTest.KEY);  
        textView.setText("name = " + mPerson.getName() + "  age = " + mPerson.getAge());  
        setContentView(textView);  
    }   
}

下面就是最重要的类Person,Person类引用了Parcelable接口

package parcelable_test.com;  
import android.os.Parcel;    
import android.os.Parcelable;   
import android.util.Log;  
public class Person implements Parcelable{  
private String name;  
private int age;  
private static final String TAG = ParcelableTest.TAG;   
public String getName() {  
return name;  
}  
public void setName(String name) {  
this.name = name;  
}  
public int getAge() {  
return age;  
}  
public void setAge(int age) {  
this.age = age;  
}  
public static final Parcelable.Creator<Person> CREATOR = new Creator<Person>() {  
@Override  
public Person createFromParcel(Parcel source) {  
Log.d(TAG,"createFromParcel");  
Person mPerson = new Person();  
mPerson.name = source.readString();  
mPerson.age = source.readInt();  
return mPerson;  
}  
@Override  
public Person[] newArray(int size) {  
// TODO Auto-generated method stub  
return new Person[size];  
}  
};  
@Override  
public int describeContents() {  
// TODO Auto-generated method stub  
Log.d(TAG,"describeContents");  
return 0;  
}  
@Override  
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {  
// TODO Auto-generated method stub  
Log.d(TAG,"writeToParcel");  
dest.writeString(name);  
dest.writeInt(age);  
}  
}

通过log可知程序的运行情况，在mBundle.putParcelable(KEY, mPerson);时，调用了Person类中的public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags)方法，并向dest写数据，在 Person mPerson = (Person)getIntent().getParcelableExtra(ParcelableTest.KEY);的时候，调用了Person类中的public Person createFromParcel(Parcel source) 方法，创建了一个Person对象，并给这个对象的属性赋值，这里的Parcel source和Parcel dest,是相同的，然后返回这个Person对象。最后就可以打印出mPerson的属性信息了。

Parcel可以用来存放很多数据，比如都是String和int，又或者有一个String和HashMap<String,String>的集合，都很方便。