中间件的使用

1创建一个爬虫项目，然后设置items信息

import scrapy


class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # 标题
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # 信息
    bd = scrapy.Field()
    # 评分
    star = scrapy.Field()
    # 简介
    quote = scrapy.Field()

2.创建一个爬虫文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from douban.items import DoubanItem

class DoubamovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "doubanmovie"
    allowed_domains = ["movie.douban.com"]
    offset = 0
    url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
    start_urls = (
            url+str(offset),
    )

    def parse(self, response):
        item = DoubanItem()
        movies = response.xpath("//div[@class='info']")

        for each in movies:
            # 标题
            item['title'] = each.xpath(".//span[@class='title'][1]/text()").extract()[0]
            # 信息
            item['bd'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/p/text()").extract()[0]
            # 评分
            item['star'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='star']/span[@class='rating_num']/text()").extract()[0]
            # 简介
            quote = each.xpath(".//p[@class='quote']/span/text()").extract()
            if len(quote) != 0:
                item['quote'] = quote[0]
            yield item

        if self.offset < 225:
            self.offset += 25
            yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.offset), callback = self.parse)

3.编写管道文件

import pymongo
from scrapy.conf import settings

class DoubanPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        host = settings["MONGODB_HOST"]
        port = settings["MONGODB_PORT"]
        dbname = settings["MONGODB_DBNAME"]
        sheetname= settings["MONGODB_SHEETNAME"]

        # 创建MONGODB数据库链接
        client = pymongo.MongoClient(host = host, port = port)
        # 指定数据库
        mydb = client[dbname]
        # 存放数据的数据库表名
        self.sheet = mydb[sheetname]

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        data = dict(item)
        self.sheet.insert(data)
        return item

4.设置settings信息

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'douban.middlewares.RandomUserAgent': 100,
    'douban.middlewares.RandomProxy': 200,
}

USER_AGENTS = [
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0)',
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.2)',
    'Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)',
    'Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.3; zh-cn; M032 Build/IML74K) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/525.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/0.2.149.27 Safari/525.13'
]

PROXIES = [
        {"ip_port" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : "mr_mao_hacker:sffqry9r"},
        #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
        #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
        #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
]

#LOG_FILE = "douban.log"
#LOG_LEVEL = "DEBUG"
# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 300,
}

# MONGODB 主机名
MONGODB_HOST = "127.0.0.1"

# MONGODB 端口号
MONGODB_PORT = 27017

# 数据库名称
MONGODB_DBNAME = "Douban"

# 存放数据的表名称
MONGODB_SHEETNAME = "doubanmovies"

5.编写middlewares文件

import random
import base64

from settings import USER_AGENTS
from settings import PROXIES

# 随机的User-Agent
class RandomUserAgent(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        useragent = random.choice(USER_AGENTS)
        #print useragent
        request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", useragent)

class RandomProxy(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)

        if proxy['user_passwd'] is None:
            # 没有代理账户验证的代理使用方式
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://" + proxy['ip_port']

        else:
            # 对账户密码进行base64编码转换
            base64_userpasswd = base64.b64encode(proxy['user_passwd'])
            # 对应到代理服务器的信令格式里
            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + base64_userpasswd

            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://" + proxy['ip_port']