假设如下一个场景:主过程需要子过程执行结束后才能继续操作,一般,我们想到的是共享一个变量,通过在子过程结束时改变该变量的值,然后主过程又隔一段时间就去检测共享变量的值是否发生了变化。实现如下:
package com.unclepeng.test;
//主过程
public class MainProgross {
private static volatile boolean sign = true;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SubProgross subProgross = new SubProgross();
Thread subThread = new Thread(subProgross);
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("execute main progross!");
subThread.start();
while(true){
if(sign == false){
System.out.println("leave main progross!");
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("total time: " + (endTime - currentTime));
return;
}else{
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//子过程
static class SubProgross implements Runnable{
public void run() {
System.out.println("execute sub progross!");
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
sign = false;
System.out.println("leave sub progross!");
}
}
}
其实,在Java中任何一个对象均有一个锁,而syhchronized同步块在调用时会检测该对象的锁定情况,主过程和子过程两个线程竞争同一对象时,在主过程中调用wait()方法,子过程即可进入synchronized同步块。而当子过程调用notify方法时,主过程又重新获得了对象锁,继续执行下去。实现如下:
package com.unclepeng.test;
//主过程
public class MainProgross2 {
private static byte[] sign = new byte[0];
public static void main(String[] args) {
SubProgross subProgross = new SubProgross();
Thread subThread = new Thread(subProgross);
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("execute main progross!");
subThread.start();
synchronized(sign){
System.out.println("main progross get lock!");
try {
sign.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("leave main progross!");
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("total time: " + (endTime - currentTime));
}
//子过程
static class SubProgross implements Runnable{
public void run() {
System.out.println("execute sub progross!");
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized(sign){
System.out.println("sub progross get lock!");
sign.notify();
}
System.out.println("leave sub progross!");
}
}
}
其实在Java的Object类中notifyAll、notify、wait方法均为native方法,在windows中是通过外部的dll来实现其内部,可以说Object的notify及wait等操作是JVM级的,而第一种方法是程序级的,理论上来说,后一种要更高效。