python object += 操作符

普通list中元素的 += 操作

l = [i for i in range(5)] # [0,1,2,3,4]
tmp = l[0]
tmp += l[0]

对l无影响

但是对于如下嵌套的list时

l = [[0,0],[1,1]]
tmp = l[0]
tmp += l[0]

l 被修改为[[0,0,0,0],[1,1]]

而将 += 拆解则对原本list无影响

l = [[0,0],[1,1]]
tmp = l[0]
tmp = tmp + l[0]

解答：
Why does += behave unexpectedly on lists?

The general answer is that += tries to call the __iadd__ special method, and if that isn’t available it tries to use __add__ instead. So the issue is with the difference between these special methods.
The __iadd__ special method is for an in-place addition, that is it mutates the object that it acts on. The __add__ special method returns a new object and is also used for the standard + operator.
So when the += operator is used on an object which has an __iadd__ defined the object is modified in place. Otherwise it will instead try to use the plain __add__ and return a new object.
That is why for mutable types like lists += changes the object’s value, whereas for immutable types like tuples, strings and integers a new object is returned instead (a += b becomes equivalent to a = a + b).
For types that support both __iadd__ and __add__ you therefore have to be careful which one you use. a += b will call __iadd__ and mutate a, whereas a = a + b will create a new object and assign it to a. They are not the same operation!

>>> a1 = a2 = [1, 2]
>>> b1 = b2 = [1, 2]
>>> a1 += [3]          # Uses __iadd__, modifies a1 in-place
>>> b1 = b1 + [3]      # Uses __add__, creates new list, assigns it to b1
>>> a2
[1, 2, 3]              # a1 and a2 are still the same list
>>> b2
[1, 2]                 # whereas only b1 was changed

+= 是具有替代作用的操作符; 而对于 tuples, strings and integers 这类不可变变量，a+=b 等同于 a = a+b

从地址修改的角度解释：

>>> l = []
>>> id(l)
13043192
>>> l += [3]
>>> id(l)
13043192
>>> l = l + [3]
>>> id(l)
13059216