折半查找

设两个变量left和right分别表示被查找表的左边界和右边界，初始化时，left=0，right=n-1。令middle=(left+right)/2为list的中间位置。如果将list[middle]与需要查找的数searchnum做比较，则会出现下列3种情况。

1. searchnum < list[middle]。把查找右边界right设置为middle - 1。
2. searchnum = list[middle]。返回middle
3. searchnum > list[middle]。把查找左边界left设置为middle + 1。

迭代：

#define COMPARE(x,y) (((x) < (y))? -1: ((x) == (y)) ? 0 : 1)

int binsearch(int list[], int searchnum, int left, int right)
{
    int middle;
    while(left <= right)
    {
        middle = (left + right) / 2;
        switch(COMPARE(list[middle],searchnum))
        {
            case -1:
                left = middle + 1;
                break;
            case 0:
                return middle;
            case 1:
                right = middle - 1;
                break;
        }
    }
}

递归：

#define COMPARE(x,y) (((x) < (y))? -1: ((x) == (y)) ? 0 : 1)

int binsearch(int list[], int searchnum, int left, int right)
{
    int middle;
    if(left <= right)
    {
        middle = (left + right) / 2;
        switch(COMPARE(list[middle],searchnum))
        {
            case -1:
                return binsearch(list, searchnum, middle + 1, right)
            case 0:
                return middle;
            case 1:
                return binsearch(list, searchnum, left, middle - 1)
        }
    }
    return -1;
}