1. JDBC概念
1. JDBC概念:Java DataBase Connectivity(Java数据库连接)
2. JDBC本质:是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则(接口),各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类
2. JDBC快速入门
1. 步骤
(1)导入驱动jar包:mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
1.复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到项目的libs目录下
2.右键-->Add As Library
(2)注册驱动
(3)获取数据库连接对象:Connection
(4)定义sql
(5)获取执行sql语句的对象:Statement
(6)执行sql,接受返回结果
(7)处理结果
(8)释放资源
2. 代码实现
/**
* JDBC快速入门
*/
public class JDBCDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1", "root", "root");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "update stu set age = 16 where id = 1";
//5.获取执行sql的对象Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
//8.释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
3. JDBC的各个对象详解
1. DriverManager:驱动管理对象
(1)功能
1. 注册驱动:告诉程序该使用那一个数据库驱动jar
static void registerDriver(Driver driver):注册与给定驱动的程序DriverManager
写代码使用:Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
通过查看源码发现:在com.mysql.jdbc.Driver类中存在静态代码块
static {
try {
java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
} catch (SQLException E) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
}
}
2. 获取数据库链接
方法:static Connection(String url,String user,String password)
参数:
url:指定的连接路径
语法:jdbc:mysql://IP地址:端口号/数据库名称
例如:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
简写为:jdbc:mysql:///db1(链接的是本机服务器,并且mysql的端口号为3306)
user:用户名
password:密码
2. Connection:数据库连接对象
(1)功能
1. 获取执行sql的对象
Statement createStatment()
PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
2. 管理事务
开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit):调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务
提交事务:commit()
回滚事务:rollback()
3. Statement:执行sql的对象
(1)功能
1. 执行sql
1. boolean execute(String sql):可以执行任意的sql --了解
2. int executeUpdate(String sql):执行DML(insert,update,delete)语句
DDL(create,alter,drop)语句
3. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql):执行DQL(select)语句
(2)练习
/**
* lol表:添加一条记录
*/
public class JDBCDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 获取Connection对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "root");
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "insert into lol values(3,'tf',33)";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if(count > 0){
System.out.println("添加成功");
}else {
System.out.println("添加失败");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//7. 释放资源
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
===========================================================================================
/**
* lol表:修改记录
*/
public class JDBCDemo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 链接获取对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "root");
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "update lol set age = 11 where id = 1";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if(count > 0){
System.out.println("修改成功");
}else {
System.out.println("修改失败");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//7. 释放资源
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
===========================================================================================
/**
* lol表:删除记录
*/
public class JDBCDemo04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 链接获取对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "root");
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "delete from lol where id = 3";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if(count > 0){
System.out.println("删除成功");
}else {
System.out.println("删除失败");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//7. 释放资源
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
===========================================================================================
/**
* lol表:执行DDL
*/
public class JDBCDemo05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 链接获取对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "root");
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "create table lol2(id int,name varchar(20))";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//7. 释放资源
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
4. ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结果
(1)功能
1. boolean next():游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否到大最后一行末尾。如果是返回false,如果不是返回true
2. getXxx(参数):获取数据
1. Xxx:代表数据类型。如getInt,getString
2. 参数:
1. int:代表列的编号,从1开始,如getInt(1)
2. String:代表列名称,如getString("name")
3. 使用步骤
1. 游标向下移动一行
2. 判断是否有数据
3. 获取数据
(2)代码示例
/**
* lol表:执行DQL
*/
public class JDBCDemo06 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "root");
String sql = "select * from lol";
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//DQL执行executeQuery
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//处理结果
//循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾
while(rs.next()){
//获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + age);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//释放资源
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
5. 练习题
(1)需求:定义一个方法,查询lol表的数据并将其封装为对象,然后装载集合,返回
1. 定义Lol类
2. 定义方法:public List<Lol> findAll(){}
3. 实现方法:select * from lol
(2)代码实现
/**
* 定义一个方法,查询emp表的数据将其封装为对象,然后装载集合,返回。
*/
public class JDBCDemo07 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Lol> list = new JDBCDemo07().findAll();
System.out.println(list); //[Lol{id=1, name='noc', age=11}, Lol{id=2, name='mf', age=18}]
System.out.println(list.size()); //2
}
public List<Lol> findAll() {
Connection conn = null;
List<Lol> list = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "root");
String sql = "select * from lol";
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//遍历结果集,封装对象,装载集合
Lol lol = null;
list = new ArrayList<Lol>();
while (rs.next()) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
lol = new Lol();
lol.setId(id);
lol.setName(name);
lol.setAge(age);
list.add(lol);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return list;
}
}
=======================================================================================
/**
* 封装lol表数据的JavaBean
*/
public class Lol {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Lol{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
4. 编写JDBC工具类:JDBCUtils
1. 目的:简化书写
2. 分析:
(1)注册驱动也抽取
(2)抽取一个方法获取连接对象(配置文件)
(3)抽取一个方法释放资源
3. 代码实现
public class JDBCDemo08 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Lol> list = new JDBCDemo08().findAll();
System.out.println(list); //[Lol{id=1, name='noc', age=11}, Lol{id=2, name='mf', age=18}]
System.out.println(list.size()); //2
}
public List<Lol> findAll() {
Connection conn = null;
List<Lol> list = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
/* Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db1", "root", "root");*/
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "select * from lol";
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//遍历结果集,封装对象,装载集合
Lol lol = null;
list = new ArrayList<Lol>();
while (rs.next()) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
lol = new Lol();
lol.setId(id);
lol.setName(name);
lol.setAge(age);
list.add(lol);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
/*if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}*/
JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);
}
return list;
}
}
=======================================================================================
/**
* JDBC工具类
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
/**
* 文件的读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值,使用静态代码块
*/
static {
//读取资源文件,获取值
try {
//1. 创建Properties集合类
Properties pro = new Properties();
//获取src路径下文件的方式 --> ClassLoader类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();
URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
String path = res.getPath();
//2. 加载文件
pro.load(new FileReader(path));
//3. 获取数据,赋值
url = pro.getProperty("url");
user = pro.getProperty("user");
password = pro.getProperty("password");
driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
//4. 注册驱动
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接
* @return 连接对象
* @throws SQLException
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
}
/**
* 关闭资源
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 关闭资源
* @param rs
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if( rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
=======================================================================================
/**
jdbc.properties:配置文件
*/
url=jdbc:mysql:///db1
user=root
password=root
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
5. SQL注入的问题
1. 问题引入
(1)需求:用户通过键盘录入用户名和密码,判断用户是否登陆成功
(2)代码实现
public class JDBCDemo09 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名");
String username = sc.next();
System.out.println("请输入密码");
String password = sc.next();
boolean flag = new JDBCDemo09().login(username, password);
if (flag){
System.out.println("登陆成功");
}else {
System.out.println("用户名或者密码输入错误");
}
}
/**
* 登录方法
*/
public boolean login(String username,String password){
if (username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = " select * from user where username = '" + username +"' and password = '" + password +"' ";
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
return rs.next();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);
}
return false;
}
}
2. SQL注入
(1)概念:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题
1. 输入用户随便,输入密码:a' or 'a' = 'a
2. sql:select * from user where username = 'fhdsjkf' and password = 'a' or 'a' = 'a'
(2)解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决
(3)预编译的SQL:参数使用?作为占位符
(4)步骤
1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
2. 注册驱动
3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
4. 定义sql
注意:sql的参数使用?作为占位符。 如:select * from user where username = ? and password = ?;
5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 PreparedStatement Connection.prepareStatement(String sql)
6. 给?赋值:
方法: setXxx(参数1,参数2)
参数1:?的位置编号 从1 开始
参数2:?的值
7. 执行sql,接受返回结果,不需要传递sql语句
8. 处理结果
9. 释放资源
3. 改进后的防止sql注入的代码
public class JDBCDemo10 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名");
String username = sc.next();
System.out.println("请输入密码");
String password = sc.next();
boolean flag = new JDBCDemo10().login(username, password);
if (flag){
System.out.println("登陆成功");
}else {
System.out.println("用户名或者密码输入错误");
}
}
/**
* 登录方法
*/
public boolean login(String username,String password){
if (username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
String sql = " select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
//获取执行sql的对象
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//给?赋值
pstmt.setString(1,username);
pstmt.setString(2,password);
//执行sql语句,不需要传sql
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
return rs.next();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,pstmt,conn);
}
return false;
}
}