yum安装MySQL5.7
1、配置YUM源
在MySQL官网中下载YUM源rpm安装包：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
下载mysql源安装包
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
--2021-08-21 11:17:48-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm [following]
--2021-08-21 11:17:49-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm [following]
--2021-08-21 11:17:51-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 184.26.84.248
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|184.26.84.248|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9116 (8.9K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm’
100%[===================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 9,116 --.-K/s in 0s
2021-08-21 11:17:52 (237 MB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm’ saved [9116/9116]
安装mysql源
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch
Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-8 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql57-community-release noarch el7-8 /mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch 8.2 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 8.2 k
Installed size: 8.2 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch 1/1
Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch 1/1
Installed:
mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-8
Complete!
检查mysql源是否安装成功
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 212
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 132
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 524
如以上所示表示安装成功。
修改vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo源
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
改变默认安装的mysql版本。比如要安装5.6版本，将5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。然后再将5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。改完之后的效果如下所示：
[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-tools-preview]
name=MySQL Tools Preview
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
2、安装MySQL
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
mysql-connectors-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql57-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
3、启动MySQL服务
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# ystemctl status mysqld
-bash: ystemctl: command not found
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-08-21 11:22:08 CST; 16s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 10379 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 10318 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10382 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─10382 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Aug 21 11:22:02 VM-0-17-centos systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Aug 21 11:22:08 VM-0-17-centos systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
4、设置开机启动
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
5、修改root本地登录密码
mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改。
查看默认密码
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-08-21T03:22:03.450098Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: U)+Y_iyrg90V
登录MySQL
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
或者
set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyNewPass4!');
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
！！！注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误，如下图所示：
通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息
mysql> show variables like '%password%';
+----------------------------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------------+-----------------+
| default_password_lifetime | 0 |
| disconnect_on_expired_password | ON |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users | OFF |
| old_passwords | 0 |
| report_password | |
| sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys | ON |
| sha256_password_private_key_path | private_key.pem |
| sha256_password_proxy_users | OFF |
| sha256_password_public_key_path | public_key.pem |
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+----------------------------------------+-----------------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略
validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要
validate_password_length：密码最少长度
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个
validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个
上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。
共有以下几种密码策略：
| 策略 | 检查规则 |
|---|---|
| 0 or LOW | Length |
| 1 or MEDIUM | Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters |
| 2 or STRONG | Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file |
MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy
修改密码策略
在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置，指定密码策略
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
#选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件
validate_password_policy=0
#如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：
validate_password = off
重新启动mysql服务使配置生效
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
6、添加远程登录用户
默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，可以添加一个新的帐户
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
7、配置默认编码为utf8
修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示：
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
重新启动mysql服务
[root@VM-0-17-centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
查看数据库默认编码
mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
默认配置文件路径：
配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
日志文件：/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
扫一扫
1526
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
