CentOS6.7升级Python3.4.3

##安装所需依赖包
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
yum groupinstall "Development Libraries" -y
yum install gcc* cmake make gd libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype-devel yum-fastestmirror -y
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel -y

yum install zlib zlib-devel
yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel

yum install openssl-devel -y

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
的解决

用pip安装依赖包时默认访问https://pypi.Python.org/simple/，但是经常出现不稳定以及访问速度非常慢的情况，国内厂商提供的pipy镜像目前可用的有：

• http://pypi.douban.com/ 豆瓣
• http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ 中国科学技术大学

有两种方式使用我们自己指定的镜像源，第一种是手动指定：

pip -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple install Flask -- trusted-host pypi.douban.com

不过这种方式在每次安装时都要手动指定，因此你可以把它写在配置文件中，这就是第二种方法，在当前用户目录下创建.pip文件夹

mkdir ~/.pip

然后在该目录下创建pip.conf文件填写：

[global]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

上面配置是针对OSX／Linux系统，如果是Windows，那么创建%HOMEPATH%\pip\pip.ini文件来配置。

例如：C:\Users\fxl\pip\pip.ini

pip.ini配置的主要一些配置：

[global]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

这样就会用ssl模块了

进入python安装包，找到Setup文件，用 vi 打开

1. cd Python-2.7.11/Modules

2. vi Setup.dist

找到

1. # Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other

2. # socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:

3. #SSL=/usr/local/ssl#_ssl _ssl.c \

4. #       -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \

5. #       -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

把前面的 # 号去掉，修改为

1. # Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other

2. # socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:

3. SSL=/usr/local/ssl

4. _ssl _ssl.c \

5.        -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \       -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

保存退出，重新编译安装（注意：

安装python之前，最好确认一下gcc是否安装。apt-get install -y gcc

____________________________________

[root@xu  ~]# python -V

Python 2.6.6

[root@xu  ~]# 

2、下载Python3.4.3

下载并上传到tmp目录

[root@xu  tmp]# ls

Python-3.4.3.tgz  yum.log

[root@xu  tmp]# 

3、创建Python安装目录

[root@xu  tmp]# mkdir /opt/python3.4

4、解压tar文件

[root@xu tmp]# tar -zxvf Python-3.4.3.tgz 

[root@xu tmp]# cd Python-3.4.3

[root@xu Python-3.4.3]# pwd

/tmp/Python-3.4.3

5、配置及安装

[root@xu Python-3.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python

[root@xu Python-3.4.3]# make

[root@xu Python-3.4.3]# make install

6、建立软连接，使系统默认python指向新安装的python

[root@xu tmp]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6

[root@xu tmp]# ln -s /usr/local/python /usr/bin/python

[root@xu tmp]# python -V

Python 3.4.3

不错，到此升级成功，然后编辑yum默认的python为旧版本python

[root@xu tmp]# vim /usr/bin/yum 

修改第一行，如下

修改前：#!/usr/bin/python

修改后：#!/usr/bin/python2.6.6

保存退出：（vim命令）:wq

注意：现在还没有安装easy_install和pip，且安装好后需要配置环境变量

yum install zlib-devel

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-12.0.3.tar.gz#md5=f07e4b0f4c1c9368fcd980d888b29a65

2. 安装
 tar -zxvf setuptools-12.0.3.tar.gz
cd setuptools=12.0.3
python setup.py install

3. 出现错误提示:
Installed /usr/local/python2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/supervisor-4.0.0_dev-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for supervisor==4.0.0-dev
Searching for meld3>=1.0.0
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/meld3/
Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/meld3/: [Errno 1] _ssl.c:504: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed -- Some packages may not be found!
Couldn't find index page for 'meld3' (maybe misspelled?)
Scanning index of all packages (this may take a while)
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/
Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/: [Errno 1] _ssl.c:504: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed -- Some packages may not be found!
No local packages or download links found for meld3>=1.0.0
error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('meld3>=1.0.0')

解决办法:
上网查询了问题原因： 是curl的证书太老了需要下载最新的证书：
下载最新的证书文件 、  
$ wget http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem  
更名为ca-bundle.crt放置到默认目录  
$ mv cacert.pem ca-bundle.crt 
$ mv ca-bundle.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs

安装pip

[root@xu tmp]# easy_install pip

-bash: easy_install: command not found

配置python环境变量

[root@xu tmp]# vim /etc/profile

在最后面加上

PYTHON_HOME=/opt/python3.4

export PATH=$PYTHON_HOME/bin:$PATH

保存退出

[root@xu tmp]# source /etc/profile

执行上面命令，是环境变量立即生效

安装pip

[root@xu tmp]# easy_install pip

Searching for pip

Best match: pip 6.0.8

Adding pip 6.0.8 to easy-install.pth file

Installing pip script to /opt/python3.4/bin

Installing pip3.4 script to /opt/python3.4/bin

Installing pip3 script to /opt/python3.4/bin

Using /opt/python3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages

Processing dependencies for pip

Finished processing dependencies for pip

到此ok，python升级完成，easy_install和pip命令可以正常使用

升级pip

pip3 install --upgrade pip