怎样在Android项目中在一个数据库里建立多张表

一，创建一个公共的DBAdapter;

为了在整个程序运行期间调用该公共的数据库，我们定义了一个扩展自Application的CommDB类：

1，创建唯一的数据库：

 1 public class CommDB {
 2 
 3     public static final String DATABASE_NAME = "myDatabase"; //数据库名称
 4 
 5     public static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
 6     //创建该数据库下学生表的语句
 7     private static final String CREATE_TABLE_Students =
 8         "CREATE TABLE if not exists " + StudentDB.SQLITE_TABLE + " (" +
 9       StudentDB.KEY_ROWID + " integer PRIMARY KEY autoincrement," +
10       StudentDB.KEY_AGE + "," +
11       StudentDB.KEY_GENDER + "," +
12       StudentDB.KEY_NAME + "," +
13         " UNIQUE (" + StudentDB.KEY_NAME +"));";//暂时规定不能重名
14   //创建该数据库下教师表的语句
15     private static final String CREATE_TABLE_Teachers =
16           "CREATE TABLE if not exists " + TeacherDB.SQLITE_TABLE + " (" +
17                   TeacherDB.KEY_ROWID + " integer PRIMARY KEY autoincrement," +
18                   TeacherDB.KEY_AGE + "," +
19                   TeacherDB.KEY_GENDER + "," +
20                   TeacherDB.KEY_NAME + "," +
21           " UNIQUE (" + TeacherDB.KEY_AGE +"));";
22     private final Context context; 
23     private DatabaseHelper DBHelper;
24     private SQLiteDatabase db;
25     /**
26      * Constructor
27      * @param ctx
28      */
29     public CommDB(Context ctx)
30     {
31         this.context = ctx;
32         this.DBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this.context);
33     }
34 
35     private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper 
36     {
37         DatabaseHelper(Context context) 
38         {
39             super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
40         }
41 
42         @Override
43         public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) 
44         {
45             db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_Students);//创建学生表
46             db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_Teachers);//创建教师表 
47         }
48 
49         @Override
50         public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, 
51         int newVersion) 
52         {               
53             // Adding any table mods to this guy here
54         }
55     } 
56 
57    /**
58      * open the db
59      * @return this
60      * @throws SQLException
61      * return type: DBAdapter
62      */
63     public CommDB open() throws SQLException 
64     {
65         this.db = this.DBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
66         return this;
67     }
68 
69     /**
70      * close the db 
71      * return type: void
72      */
73     public void close() 
74     {
75         this.DBHelper.close();
76     }
77 }

2，在app开始运行时，创建上述的数据库，并创建对应的数据表：

 1 public class GApplication extends Application {
 2     private CommDB comDBHelper;
 3 
 4     @Override
 5     public void onCreate() {
 6         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 7         super.onCreate();
 8         comDBHelper = new CommDB(this);
 9         comDBHelper.open();
10     }
11     
12 }

二，分别创建对应的数据表；

1，建立学生数据表类：

public class StudentDB {
    public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
    public static final String KEY_AGE = "age";
    public static final String KEY_GENDER = "gender";
    public static final String KEY_NAME = "name";

    private static final String TAG = "StudentDbAdapter";
    private DatabaseHelper mDbHelper;
    private SQLiteDatabase mDb;

    
    // private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "Fortrun_Ticket11";
    static final String SQLITE_TABLE = "StudentTable";

    private final Context mCtx;

    private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

        DatabaseHelper(Context context) {

            super(context, CommDB.DATABASE_NAME, null, CommDB.DATABASE_VERSION);
        }

        @Override
        public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
            
        }

        @Override
        public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion + " to "
                    + newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
            db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + SQLITE_TABLE);
            onCreate(db);
        }
    }

    public StudentDB(Context ctx) {
        this.mCtx = ctx;
    }

    public StudentDB open() throws SQLException {

        mDbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(mCtx);
        mDb = mDbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        return this;
    }

    public void close() {
        if (mDbHelper != null) {
            mDbHelper.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建学生表的字段
     * @param age
     * @param gender
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    public long createStudent(String age, String gender, String name) {
        long createResult = 0;
        ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
        initialValues.put(KEY_AGE, age);
        initialValues.put(KEY_GENDER, gender);
        initialValues.put(KEY_NAME, name);
        try {
            createResult = mDb.insert(SQLITE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
        }
        return createResult;
    }

    /**
     * 删除表的全部字段数据
     * @return
     */
    public boolean deleteAllStudents() {
        int doneDelete = 0;
        try {
            doneDelete = mDb.delete(SQLITE_TABLE, null, null);
            Log.w(TAG, Integer.toString(doneDelete));
            Log.e("doneDelete", doneDelete + "");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return doneDelete > 0;
    }

    /**
     * 根据名称删除表中的数据 
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    public boolean deleteTicketByName(String name) {
        int isDelete;
        String[] tName;
        tName = new String[] { name };
        isDelete = mDb.delete(SQLITE_TABLE, KEY_AGE + "=?", tName);
        Log.e("deleteTicket", "isDelete:" + isDelete + "||" + "ticketID="
                + name);
        return isDelete > 0;
    }
    public void insertSomeTickets() {
        
    }


    /**
     * 获取表中的所有字段
     * @return
     */
    public ArrayList<Student> fetchAll() {

        ArrayList<Student> allTicketsList = new ArrayList<Student>();
        Cursor mCursor = null;
        mCursor = mDb.query(SQLITE_TABLE, new String[] { KEY_ROWID, KEY_AGE,
                KEY_GENDER, KEY_NAME }, null, null, null, null, null);
        if (mCursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                Student st = new Student();
                st.setAge(mCursor.getString(mCursor
                        .getColumnIndexOrThrow(KEY_AGE)));
                st.setGender(mCursor.getString(mCursor
                        .getColumnIndexOrThrow(KEY_GENDER)));
                st.setName(mCursor.getString(mCursor
                        .getColumnIndexOrThrow(KEY_NAME)));
                allTicketsList.add(st);
            } while (mCursor.moveToNext());
        }
        if (mCursor != null && !mCursor.isClosed()) {
            mCursor.close();
        }
        return allTicketsList;
    }

}

2，创建教师数据表类：

public class TeacherDB {
    public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
    public static final String KEY_AGE = "age";
    public static final String KEY_GENDER = "gender";// 还要保留
    public static final String KEY_NAME = "name";

    private static final String TAG = "TeacherDbAdapter";
    private DatabaseHelper mDbHelper;
    private SQLiteDatabase mDb;

    // private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "Fortrun_Ticket11";
    static final String SQLITE_TABLE = "TeacherTable";
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

    private final Context mCtx;

    private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

        DatabaseHelper(Context context) {

            super(context, CommDB.DATABASE_NAME, null, CommDB.DATABASE_VERSION);
        }

        @Override
        public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
            // Log.w(TAG, DATABASE_CREATE);
            // db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
        }

        @Override
        public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion + " to "
                    + newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
            db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + SQLITE_TABLE);
            onCreate(db);
        }
    }

    public TeacherDB(Context ctx) {
        this.mCtx = ctx;
    }

    public TeacherDB open() throws SQLException {

        mDbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(mCtx);
        mDb = mDbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        return this;
    }

    public void close() {
        if (mDbHelper != null) {
            mDbHelper.close();
        }
    }

    public long createTeacher(String age, String gender, String name) {
        long createResult = 0;
        ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
        initialValues.put(KEY_AGE, age);
        initialValues.put(KEY_GENDER, gender);
        initialValues.put(KEY_NAME, name);
        try {
            createResult = mDb.insert(SQLITE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
        }
        return createResult;
    }

    public boolean deleteAllTeachers() {
        int doneDelete = 0;
        try {
            doneDelete = mDb.delete(SQLITE_TABLE, null, null);
            Log.w(TAG, Integer.toString(doneDelete));
            Log.e("doneDelete", doneDelete + "");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return doneDelete > 0;
    }

    public boolean deleteTeacherByName(String name) {
        int isDelete;
        String[] tName;
        tName = new String[] { name };
        isDelete = mDb.delete(SQLITE_TABLE, KEY_AGE + "=?", tName);
        Log.e("deleteTicket", "isDelete:" + isDelete + "||" + "ticketID="
                + name);
        return isDelete > 0;
    }
    public void insertSomeTickets() {
        
    }


    // 扫描时进行判断本地数据库是否有此ticketID
    public ArrayList<Teacher> fetchAll() {

        ArrayList<Teacher> allTeacherList = new ArrayList<Teacher>();
        Cursor mCursor = null;
        mCursor = mDb.query(SQLITE_TABLE, new String[] { KEY_ROWID, KEY_AGE,
                KEY_GENDER, KEY_NAME }, null, null, null, null, null);
        if (mCursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                Teacher st = new Teacher();
                st.setAge(mCursor.getString(mCursor
                        .getColumnIndexOrThrow(KEY_AGE)));
                st.setGender(mCursor.getString(mCursor
                        .getColumnIndexOrThrow(KEY_GENDER)));
                st.setName(mCursor.getString(mCursor
                        .getColumnIndexOrThrow(KEY_NAME)));
                allTeacherList.add(st);
            } while (mCursor.moveToNext());
        }
        if (mCursor != null && !mCursor.isClosed()) {
            mCursor.close();
        }
        return allTeacherList;
    }

}

 

三，调用public class ShowActivity extends Activity {

private StudentDB studentDB;
private TeacherDB teacherDB;
private List<Student> stList = new ArrayList<Student>();
private List<Teacher> trList = new ArrayList<Teacher>();
    

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_show);
        studentDB = new StudentDB(this);
        studentDB.open();
        
        teacherDB = new TeacherDB(this);
        teacherDB.open();
        
        studentDB.createStudent("28", "男", "阿武");
        studentDB.createStudent("24", "女", "小铃");
        
        teacherDB.createTeacher("40", "男", "何SIR");
        teacherDB.createTeacher("45", "女", "MRS谢");
        stList = studentDB.fetchAll();
        trList = teacherDB.fetchAll();
        for (int i = 0; i < stList.size(); i++) {
            Log.e("stList value", stList.get(i).getName());
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < trList.size(); i++) {
            Log.e("trList value", trList.get(i).getName());
        }
    }


    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onDestroy();
        if (studentDB != null) {
            studentDB.close();
        }
        if (teacherDB != null) {
            teacherDB.close();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.show, menu);
        return true;
    }

}

 

四，结果验证；

10-25 16:50:10.321: E/stList value(3953): 阿武
10-25 16:50:10.321: E/stList value(3953): 小铃
10-25 16:50:10.321: E/trList value(3953): 何SIR
10-25 16:50:10.321: E/trList value(3953): MRS谢

五，注意事项：

此例子中插入数据库的数据是以年龄作为唯一字段，当插入的数据中，年龄字段有重复时，数据库会报错，此例子只为说明如何在一个数据库中建立多张表，因此，在实际项目中，一般以某个实体的ID作为唯一字段，且插入前必须经过判断；

另外，数据库的关闭，我们选择在onDestroy()方法中调用。