NetDevOps-华为设备通过restconf获取网络设备信息

已于 2023-12-24 22:06:05 修改
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文章标签： python 华为 网络 自动化
于 2023-12-24 18:12:06 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ocean19/article/details/135184568
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网络设备通过SSH或者netconf获取的数据解析都比较麻烦, 但通过restconf获取到的json数据是一种通用格式, 且python天生对json处理就很方便, 所以通过restconf获取设备信息, 是一种理想方案.

华为设备配置RESTCONF

华为RESTCONF配置官网链接

"""
# 由于配置HTTPS比较麻烦, 所以选择了HTTP, 具体选择HTTPS或HTTP主要看安全需求
system-view
aaa
 local-user localadmin service-type http
 quit
#
http
  service restconf
    server-source all-interface
    server enable
    quit
 quit
commit
"""

一、编写一个公共文件common.py, 方便其他模块调用

# common.py
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

AUTH = HTTPBasicAuth('localadmin', 'Huawei@123')
BASE_URL = "http://10.0.0.3:80/restconf/data"
MEDIA_TYPE = 'application/yang-data+json'

二、调用common.py模块编写具体实现代码

import json
import requests
from common import BASE_URL, AUTH, MEDIA_TYPE


url = BASE_URL + "/huawei-ifm:ifm/interfaces"
"""
常用url
CPU:   /huawei-devm:devm/cpuInfos/cpuInfo
接口:   /huawei-ifm:ifm/interfaces
ARP表:  /huawei-arp:arp/arpTables   
路由表:    /huawei-rm:rm/rmbase
MAC地址表: /huawei-mac:mac/vlanFdbDynamics/vlanFdbDynamic
"""

headers = {"Accept": MEDIA_TYPE,  # 记住Accept这个header必须在Accept-Encoding之前, 不然报错400
           "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
           'Content-Type': MEDIA_TYPE,
           }

session = requests.Session()
session.headers.clear()  # clear非常关键的写法, 这样写才能保持header的顺序
session.headers.update(headers)
resp = session.get(url, auth=AUTH, verify=False)
print(resp.status_code)
print(resp.content.decode('utf8'))

三、输出结果为json格式:

{
    "huawei-ifm:interfaces" : {
      "interface" : [{
        "ifName" : "NULL0",
        "ifIndex" : "2",
        "ifPhyType" : "NULL",
        "ifNumber" : "0",
        "isL2SwitchPort" : "false",
        "ifAdminStatus" : "up",
        "ifLinkProtocol" : "invalid",
        "ifRouterType" : "Broadcast",
        "ifDf" : "false",
        "ifTrapEnable" : "true",
        "ifMtu" : "1500",
        "vrfName" : "_public_",
        "vsName" : "Admin-VS",
        "ifServiceType" : "None",
        "ifClass" : "mainInterface",
        "l2SubIfFlag" : "false",
        "ifNetworkLayerStatus" : "ipv4andipv6up",
        "ifDynamicInfo" : [{
          "ifOperStatus" : "up",
          "ifPhyStatus" : "up",
          "ifLinkStatus" : "up",
          "ifOpertMTU" : "1500",
          "ifV4State" : "up",
          "ifV6State" : "up",
          "ifCtrlFlapDamp" : "false",
          "isOffline" : "false"
        }],
        "ifControlFlap" : [{
          "ifCtrlFlapEnbl" : "false"
        }],
        "ifStatistics" : [{
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0"
        }],
        "ifClearedStat" : [{
          "ifOperStatItvl" : "300",
          "inByteRate" : "0",
          "inPacketRate" : "0",
          "inUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "outByteRate" : "0",
          "outPacketRate" : "0",
          "outUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacketRate" : "0"
        }],
        "ifErrorDown" : [{
          "errorDownCause" : "invalid",
          "recoveryTime" : "0",
          "remainderTime" : "0"
        }],
        "ipv4Config" : [{
          "addrCfgType" : "config"
        }],
        "ipv6Config" : [{
          "enableFlag" : "false",
          "autoLinkLocal" : "false"
        }]
      },
      {
        "ifName" : "MEth0/0/0",
        "ifIndex" : "4",
        "ifPhyType" : "MEth",
        "ifPosition" : "0/0/0",
        "ifNumber" : "0/0/0",
        "isL2SwitchPort" : "false",
        "ifAdminStatus" : "down",
        "ifLinkProtocol" : "ethernet",
        "ifRouterType" : "Broadcast",
        "ifDf" : "false",
        "ifTrapEnable" : "true",
        "ifMtu" : "1500",
        "vrfName" : "_public_",
        "vsName" : "Admin-VS",
        "ifServiceType" : "None",
        "ifClass" : "mainInterface",
        "l2SubIfFlag" : "false",
        "ifNetworkLayerStatus" : "ipv4andipv6up",
        "ifDynamicInfo" : [{
          "ifOperStatus" : "down",
          "ifPhyStatus" : "down",
          "ifLinkStatus" : "down",
          "ifOpertMTU" : "1500",
          "ifOperSpeed" : "100000000",
          "ifV4State" : "down",
          "ifV6State" : "down",
          "ifCtrlFlapDamp" : "false",
          "ifOperMac" : "7092-460f-dd12",
          "isOffline" : "false"
        }],
        "ifControlFlap" : [{
          "ifCtrlFlapEnbl" : "false"
        }],
        "ifStatistics" : [{
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0"
        }],
        "ifClearedStat" : [{
          "ifOperStatItvl" : "300",
          "inByteRate" : "0",
          "inPacketRate" : "0",
          "inUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "outByteRate" : "0",
          "outPacketRate" : "0",
          "outUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacketRate" : "0"
        }],
        "ifErrorDown" : [{
          "errorDownCause" : "invalid",
          "recoveryTime" : "0",
          "remainderTime" : "0"
        }],
        "ipv4Config" : [{
          "addrCfgType" : "config"
        }],
        "ipv6Config" : [{
          "enableFlag" : "false",
          "autoLinkLocal" : "false"
        }]
      },
      {
        "ifName" : "GE1/0/0",
        "ifIndex" : "5",
        "ifPhyType" : "GEBrief",
        "ifPosition" : "1/0/0",
        "ifNumber" : "1/0/0",
        "ifDescr" : "TO_CISCO_SW.www.ocean.com_Et1/0",
        "isL2SwitchPort" : "false",
        "ifAdminStatus" : "up",
        "ifLinkProtocol" : "ethernet",
        "ifRouterType" : "Broadcast",
        "ifDf" : "false",
        "ifTrapEnable" : "true",
        "ifMtu" : "1500",
        "vrfName" : "_public_",
        "vsName" : "Admin-VS",
        "ifServiceType" : "None",
        "ifClass" : "mainInterface",
        "l2SubIfFlag" : "false",
        "protocolUpDelayTime" : "0",
        "ifNetworkLayerStatus" : "ipv4andipv6up",
        "ifDynamicInfo" : [{
          "ifOperStatus" : "up",
          "ifPhyStatus" : "up",
          "ifLinkStatus" : "up",
          "ifOpertMTU" : "1500",
          "ifOperSpeed" : "100000000",
          "ifV4State" : "up",
          "ifV6State" : "down",
          "ifCtrlFlapDamp" : "false",
          "ifOperMac" : "000c-606b-55d5",
          "lineProtocolUpTime" : "2023-12-23T10:02:22Z",
          "isOffline" : "false"
        }],
        "ifControlFlap" : [{
          "ifCtrlFlapEnbl" : "false"
        }],
        "ifTrapThreshold" : [{
          "inputRisingRate" : "100",
          "inputResumeRate" : "100",
          "outputRisingRate" : "100",
          "outputResumeRate" : "100"
        }],
        "ifStatistics" : [{
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "129782",
          "sendPacket" : "31664",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "12738",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "98281",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "18767",
          "sendUniPacket" : "19947",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "11718",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "1",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0"
        }],
        "ifClearedStat" : [{
          "ifOperStatItvl" : "300",
          "inByteRate" : "20",
          "inPacketRate" : "1",
          "inUseRate" : "0.01%",
          "outByteRate" : "0",
          "outPacketRate" : "0",
          "outUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "129786",
          "sendPacket" : "31666",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "12738",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "98281",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "18767",
          "sendUniPacket" : "19947",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "11718",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "1",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacketRate" : "0"
        }],
        "ifErrorDown" : [{
          "errorDownCause" : "invalid",
          "recoveryTime" : "0",
          "remainderTime" : "0"
        }],
        "ipv4Config" : [{
          "addrCfgType" : "config",
          "am4CfgAddrs" : {
            "am4CfgAddr" : [{
              "ifIpAddr" : "10.0.0.3",
              "subnetMask" : "255.255.255.0",
              "addrType" : "main"
            }]
          }
        }],
        "ipv4Oper" : {
          "ipv4Addrs" : {
            "ipv4Addr" : [{
              "ifIpAddr" : "10.0.0.3",
              "subnetMask" : "255.255.255.0",
              "addrType" : "main"
            }]
          }
        },
        "ipv6Config" : [{
          "enableFlag" : "false",
          "autoLinkLocal" : "false"
        }]
      },
      {
        "ifName" : "GE1/0/1",
        "ifIndex" : "6",
        "ifPhyType" : "GEBrief",
        "ifPosition" : "1/0/1",
        "ifNumber" : "1/0/1",
        "isL2SwitchPort" : "true",
        "ifAdminStatus" : "down",
        "ifLinkProtocol" : "ethernet",
        "ifRouterType" : "Broadcast",
        "ifDf" : "false",
        "ifTrapEnable" : "true",
        "ifMtu" : "1500",
        "vrfName" : "_public_",
        "vsName" : "Admin-VS",
        "ifServiceType" : "None",
        "ifClass" : "mainInterface",
        "l2SubIfFlag" : "false",
        "ifNetworkLayerStatus" : "ipv4andipv6up",
        "ifDynamicInfo" : [{
          "ifOperStatus" : "down",
          "ifPhyStatus" : "down",
          "ifLinkStatus" : "down",
          "ifOpertMTU" : "1500",
          "ifOperSpeed" : "100000000",
          "ifV4State" : "down",
          "ifV6State" : "down",
          "ifCtrlFlapDamp" : "false",
          "ifOperMac" : "7092-460f-dd13",
          "isOffline" : "false"
        }],
        "ifControlFlap" : [{
          "ifCtrlFlapEnbl" : "false"
        }],
        "ifTrapThreshold" : [{
          "inputRisingRate" : "100",
          "inputResumeRate" : "100",
          "outputRisingRate" : "100",
          "outputResumeRate" : "100"
        }],
        "ifStatistics" : [{
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0"
        }],
        "ifClearedStat" : [{
          "ifOperStatItvl" : "300",
          "inByteRate" : "0",
          "inPacketRate" : "0",
          "inUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "outByteRate" : "0",
          "outPacketRate" : "0",
          "outUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacketRate" : "0"
        }],
        "ifErrorDown" : [{
          "errorDownCause" : "invalid",
          "recoveryTime" : "0",
          "remainderTime" : "0"
        }],
        "ipv4Config" : [{
          "addrCfgType" : "config"
        }],
        "ipv6Config" : [{
          "enableFlag" : "false",
          "autoLinkLocal" : "false"
        }]
      },
      {
        "ifName" : "GE1/0/2",
        "ifIndex" : "7",
        "ifPhyType" : "GEBrief",
        "ifPosition" : "1/0/2",
        "ifNumber" : "1/0/2",
        "isL2SwitchPort" : "true",
        "ifAdminStatus" : "down",
        "ifLinkProtocol" : "ethernet",
        "ifRouterType" : "Broadcast",
        "ifDf" : "false",
        "ifTrapEnable" : "true",
        "ifMtu" : "1500",
        "vrfName" : "_public_",
        "vsName" : "Admin-VS",
        "ifServiceType" : "None",
        "ifClass" : "mainInterface",
        "l2SubIfFlag" : "false",
        "ifNetworkLayerStatus" : "ipv4andipv6up",
        "ifDynamicInfo" : [{
          "ifOperStatus" : "down",
          "ifPhyStatus" : "down",
          "ifLinkStatus" : "down",
          "ifOpertMTU" : "1500",
          "ifOperSpeed" : "100000000",
          "ifV4State" : "down",
          "ifV6State" : "down",
          "ifCtrlFlapDamp" : "false",
          "ifOperMac" : "7092-460f-dd13",
          "isOffline" : "false"
        }],
        "ifControlFlap" : [{
          "ifCtrlFlapEnbl" : "false"
        }],
        "ifTrapThreshold" : [{
          "inputRisingRate" : "100",
          "inputResumeRate" : "100",
          "outputRisingRate" : "100",
          "outputResumeRate" : "100"
        }],
        "ifStatistics" : [{
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0"
        }],
        "ifClearedStat" : [{
          "ifOperStatItvl" : "300",
          "inByteRate" : "0",
          "inPacketRate" : "0",
          "inUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "outByteRate" : "0",
          "outPacketRate" : "0",
          "outUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacketRate" : "0"
        }],
        "ifErrorDown" : [{
          "errorDownCause" : "invalid",
          "recoveryTime" : "0",
          "remainderTime" : "0"
        }],
        "ipv4Config" : [{
          "addrCfgType" : "config"
        }],
        "ipv6Config" : [{
          "enableFlag" : "false",
          "autoLinkLocal" : "false"
        }]
      },
      {
        "ifName" : "GE1/0/3",
        "ifIndex" : "8",
        "ifPhyType" : "GEBrief",
        "ifPosition" : "1/0/3",
        "ifNumber" : "1/0/3",
        "isL2SwitchPort" : "true",
        "ifAdminStatus" : "down",
        "ifLinkProtocol" : "ethernet",
        "ifRouterType" : "Broadcast",
        "ifDf" : "false",
        "ifTrapEnable" : "true",
        "ifMtu" : "1500",
        "vrfName" : "_public_",
        "vsName" : "Admin-VS",
        "ifServiceType" : "None",
        "ifClass" : "mainInterface",
        "l2SubIfFlag" : "false",
        "ifNetworkLayerStatus" : "ipv4andipv6up",
        "ifDynamicInfo" : [{
          "ifOperStatus" : "down",
          "ifPhyStatus" : "down",
          "ifLinkStatus" : "down",
          "ifOpertMTU" : "1500",
          "ifOperSpeed" : "100000000",
          "ifV4State" : "down",
          "ifV6State" : "down",
          "ifCtrlFlapDamp" : "false",
          "ifOperMac" : "7092-460f-dd13",
          "isOffline" : "false"
        }],
        "ifControlFlap" : [{
          "ifCtrlFlapEnbl" : "false"
        }],
        "ifTrapThreshold" : [{
          "inputRisingRate" : "100",
          "inputResumeRate" : "100",
          "outputRisingRate" : "100",
          "outputResumeRate" : "100"
        }],
        "ifStatistics" : [{
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0"
        }],
        "ifClearedStat" : [{
          "ifOperStatItvl" : "300",
          "inByteRate" : "0",
          "inPacketRate" : "0",
          "inUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "outByteRate" : "0",
          "outPacketRate" : "0",
          "outUseRate" : "0.00%",
          "receiveByte" : "0",
          "sendByte" : "0",
          "receivePacket" : "0",
          "sendPacket" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacket" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacket" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacket" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacket" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacket" : "0",
          "rcvErrorPacket" : "0",
          "rcvDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendErrorPacket" : "0",
          "sendDropPacket" : "0",
          "sendUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvUniPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvMutiPacketRate" : "0",
          "sendBroadPacketRate" : "0",
          "rcvBroadPacketRate" : "0"
        }],
        "ifErrorDown" : [{
          "errorDownCause" : "invalid",
          "recoveryTime" : "0",
          "remainderTime" : "0"
        }],
        "ipv4Config" : [{
          "addrCfgType" : "config"
        }],
        "ipv6Config" : [{
          "enableFlag" : "false",
          "autoLinkLocal" : "false"
        }]
      },
      {
        "ifName" : "GE1/0/4",
        "ifIndex" : "9",
        "ifPhyType" : "GEBrief",
        "ifPosition" : "1/0/4",
        "ifNumber" : "1/0/4",
        "isL2SwitchPort" : "true",
        "ifAdminStatus" : "down",
        "ifLinkProtocol" : "ethernet",
        "ifRouterType" : "Broadcast",
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        }]
      }]
    }
}
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