Python 元组、集合和字典 实例

def main():
    # Prompt the user to enter a file
    filename = raw_input("Enter a filename: ").strip()
    infile = open(filename, "r") # Open the file

    wordCounts = {} # Create an empty dictionary to count words
    for line in infile:
        processLine(line.lower(), wordCounts)

    pairs = list(wordCounts.items()) # Get pairs from the dictionary

    items = [[x, y] for (y, x) in pairs] # Reverse pairs in the list

    items.sort() # sort pairs in items

    for i in range(len(items) - 1, len(items) - 11, -1):
        print(items[i][1] + "\t" + str(items[i][0]))

# Count each word in the line
def processLine(line, wordCounts):
    line = replacePunctuations(line) # Replace punctuation with space
    words = line.split()
    for word in words:
        if word in wordCounts:
            wordCounts[word] += 1
        else:
            wordCounts[word] =1

# Replace punctuation in the line with space
def replacePunctuations(line):
    for ch in line:
        if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=~<>?/,.;:!{}[]|'\"":
            line = line.replace(ch, " ")

    return line

main()

编写程序统计一个文本文件中单词的出现次数，并将出现次数最多的单词和它们的出现次数按降序显示。字典对象没有sort方法，那么如何对它进行排序呢？将字典的每一对放入一个列表中，然后对这个列表排序。如果使用sort方法对这个列表排序，程序将按每对的第一个元素进行排序，但是我们对出现次数(每对的第二个元素)进行排序。因此，需要利用倒置每一对来创建一个新的列表，然后利用sort方法。
—摘自《Python 程序语言设计》 李娜译