题1
在VMware虚拟机中通过光碟实理本地yum源配置
创建光盘挂载目录
[root@use09 ~]# mkdir /isolinux
配置开机自动挂载
[root@use09 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@use09 ~]# mount -a
[root@use09 ~]# tail -n 1 /etc/fstab
/dev/sr0 /isolinux iso9660 defaults 0 0
创建yum配置文件
[root@use09 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
[root@use09 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
[base]
name=base
baseurl=file:///isolinux
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
验证效果
[root@use09 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Cleaning repos: base
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 85 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@use09 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): base/group_gz | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): base/primary_db | 798 kB 00:00:00
repo id repo name status
base base 445
repolist: 445
补充
yum clean all 清理缓存
yum repolist 列出可用的yum源
将阿里云epel源配置为本机的网络epel源
确定本机可联网,并正确解析域名
[root@use09 ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.39) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=4.58 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=7.17 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=13.5 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.581/8.427/13.529/3.759 ms
配置yum配置文件
[root@use09 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch/debug
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=0
[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/SRPMS
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=0
验证epel源
[root@use09 ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Cleaning repos: epel
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 52 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@use09 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 95 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:01
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.8 MB 00:00:02
repo id repo name status
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,286
repolist: 13,286
补充
yum clean all 清理本地缓存
yum repolist 列出可用yum源
阿里云的epel配置可在阿里云的网站获取,阿里epel
题2
准备原码包
这里将apr原码包一同放入httpd原码包中进行编译
[root@use09 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@use09 src]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.39.tar.gz
[root@use09 src]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@use09 src]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@use09 src]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.39.tar.gz
合并原码包
将apr相关原码包放入httpd原码包中
[root@use09 src]# mv apr-1.7.0 httpd-2.4.39/srclib/apr
[root@use09 src]# mv apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.39/srclib/apr-util
安装依赖包
[root@use09 src]# yum install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel expat-devel -y
生成编译配置文件
[root@use09 src]# cd httpd-2.4.39/
[root@use09 httpd-2.4.39]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/app/httpd24 \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-included-apr \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
编译
[root@use09 httpd-2.4.39]# make
安装
[root@use09 httpd-2.4.39]# make install
配置PATH变量
[root@use09 httpd-2.4.39]# echo 'export PATH=/app/httpd24/bin/:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
[root@use09 httpd-2.4.39]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
启用httpd服务
提示是因为ServerName没有定义,不影响httpd启动
[root@use09 httpd-2.4.39]# apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::87ee:bad9:e86f:1df9%ens33. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
验证httpd服务
[root@use09 httpd-2.4.39]# ps aux | grep httpd
root 40367 0.0 0.2 99568 2360 ? Ss 14:28 0:00 /app/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 40368 0.0 0.1 99568 1608 ? S 14:28 0:00 /app/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 40369 0.0 0.1 99568 1608 ? S 14:28 0:00 /app/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 40370 0.0 0.1 99568 1608 ? S 14:28 0:00 /app/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 40371 0.0 0.1 99568 1608 ? S 14:28 0:00 /app/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 40372 0.0 0.1 99568 1608 ? S 14:28 0:00 /app/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
补充
apr apache portable runtime用于实现httpd跨平台使用问题,可以类比为java虚拟机之于java,windows平台的.net那样的实现机制;
PATH变量记录了系统中可执行程序的目录位置,这样可使执行httpd的命令时不用输入完整路径;
题3
创建一个2G大小的分区,sdb1
[root@use01 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 17G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 5G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
创建文件系统
[root@use01 ~]# mke2fs -b 2048 -m 1 -t ext4 -L TEST /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 1048576 blocks
10485 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=269484032
64 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
查看分区UUID
[root@use01 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="258c14a3-3b0e-4898-9618-4a375142d94b" TYPE="ext4"
创建挂载文件夹
[root@use01 ~]# mkdir /test
自动挂载配置
[root@use01 ~]# tail -n 1 /etc/fstab
UUID=258c14a3-3b0e-4898-9618-4a375142d94b /test ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@use01 ~]# mount -a
[root@use01 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 17G 1.2G 16G 7% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 7.6M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 127M 888M 13% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 ext4 2.0G 9.1M 1.9G 1% /test
题4
添加硬盘,sdb
[root@use01 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 17G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
创建物理卷
[root@use01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
创建卷组
[root@use01 ~]# vgcreate -s 16m testvg /dev/sdb
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
创建逻辑卷
[root@use01 ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n testlv testvg
Logical volume "testlv" created.
创建挂载文件夹
[root@use01 ~]# mkdir /users
创建文件系统
[root@use01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/testvg/testlv
meta-data=/dev/testvg/testlv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
挂载逻辑卷
[root@use01 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/
[root@use01 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 7.6M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 127M 888M 13% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv xfs 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /users