maven使用

1. 下载解压到指定目录，并设置环境变量M2_HOME，并把bin添加到PATH变量中。
2. 修改本地repo,修改maven-home/conf/settings.xml文件
内容如下：
[code]<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->

<!--
| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
|
| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
| and is normally provided in $HOME/.m2/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the system property:
|
| -Dorg.apache.maven.user-settings=/path/to/user/settings.xml
|
| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all maven
| users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same maven
| installation). It's normally provided in
| ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the system property:
|
| -Dorg.apache.maven.global-settings=/path/to/global/settings.xml
|
| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
|
|-->
<settings>
<!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ~/.m2/repository
-->
<localRepository>D:\installed\maven-2.0.7\repository</localRepository>


<!-- interactiveMode
| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
| the parameter in question.
|
| Default: true
<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
-->

<!-- offline
| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
|
| Default: false
<offline>false</offline>
-->

<!-- proxies
| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
| specification in this list marked as active will be used.
|-->
<proxies>
<!-- proxy
| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
|
<proxy>
<id>optional</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>proxypass</password>
<host>proxy.host.net</host>
<port>80</port>
<nonProxyHosts>local.net,some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
-->
</proxies>

<!-- servers
| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
|-->
<servers>
<!-- server
| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
|
| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
| used together.
|
<server>
<id>deploymentRepo</id>
<username>repouser</username>
<password>repopwd</password>
</server>
-->

<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
<server>
<id>siteServer</id>
<privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
<passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
</server>
-->
</servers>

<!-- mirrors
| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
|
| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
| it to several places.
|
| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
| server for that repository.
|-->
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
</mirrors>

<!-- profiles
| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
| the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
| specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
|
| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
| your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
| dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
|
| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
| section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
| relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
| or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
| value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
| Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
|
| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
| repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
| variables for plugins in the POM.
|
|-->
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>

<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>

<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->

<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
| might hypothetically look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
| <configuration>
| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
| </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>

<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>

<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
</profiles>

<!-- activeProfiles
| List of profiles that are active for all builds.
|
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
<activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
-->
</settings>
[/code]
3.安装MAVEN的eclispe插件，配置repo地址。
* 还不能删除~home/.m2/settings.xml文件，否则插件用不起来。同样办法修改这个文件，让repo指定到上面那个地址。
4.未找到的jar安装方法，比如jta，这个包在官方的repo中一般都没有。自己找个来安装到本地的repo中。
mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=javax.transaction -DartifactId=jta -Dversion=1.0.1B -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=/path/to/file

5.私服建立,google:artifactory
6.checksum文件生成。
[code]<target name="checksum" description="Generate checksum file for jar and pom">
<checksum algorithm="SHA" fileext=".sha1">
<fileset dir="d:/javalib" id="id"> <!--—-jar和pom所在目录 -->
<include name="**/*.pom" />
<include name="**/*.jar" />
<include name="**/*.xml" />
<exclude name="**/*.sh1" />
<!--</span-->fileset>
<!--</span-->checksum>
<!--</span-->target> [/code]

显示一个插件所有的goal
创建一个基于模版的项目，eclipse项目
//创建标准目录模板
mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.codeline.commons -DartifactId=codelineCommons
//创建web项目
mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app -DartifactId=my-webapp -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-web

查看一个插件所用的版本
mvn -Dplugin=groupId:artifactId help:describe
忽略编译test
mvn -Dmaven.test.skip=true
一个jar文件，它是maven的一个插件，怎么安装到本地库。
mvn install:install-file
-Dfile=<path-to-file>
-DgroupId=<group-id>
-DartifactId=<artifact-id>
-Dversion=<version>
-Dpackaging=<packaging>
-DgeneratePom=true

maven的生命周期
validate，验证工程是否正确，所有需要的资源是否可用。
compile，编译项目的源代码。
test-compile，编译项目测试代码。
test，使用已编译的测试代码，测试已编译的源代码。
package，已发布的格式，如jar，将已编译的源代码打包。
integration-test，在集成测试可以运行的环境中处理和发布包。
verify，运行任何检查，验证包是否有效且达到质量标准。
install，把包安装在本地的repository中，可以被其他工程作为依赖来使用
deploy，在整合或者发布环境下执行，将最终版本的包拷贝到远程的repository，使得其他的开发者或者工程可以共享。
generate-sources，产生应用需要的任何额外的源代码，如xdoclet。
Dependency Scope
compile，缺省值，适用于所有阶段，会随着项目一起发布。
provided，类似compile，期望JDK、容器或使用者会提供这个依赖。如servlet.jar。
runtime，只在运行时使用，如JDBC驱动，适用运行和测试阶段。
test，只在测试时使用，用于编译和运行测试代码。不会随项目发布。
system，类似provided，需要显式提供包含依赖的jar，Maven不会在Repository中查找它
eg：
<dependency>
<groupId>hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate</artifactId>
<version>3.0.3</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>