下面举两个例子说明其使用和配置:
1.以User和Address为例,一个User有id(Long类型)、name(String类型)、address地址(Address类型),其中Address类中没有id属性(即无对象标识符),则address就是User的一个component组件。
User持久化类:
- public class User {
- private Long id;
- private String name;
- private Address address;
- //省略set、get方法
- }
- public class Address {//注意Address类中无id属性(Address并不会被映射为一张表)
- private String addressName;
- private String addressValue;
- //省略set、get方法
- }
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="bean.User" table="users">
- <id name="id" column="id" type="long">
- <generator class="increment"></generator>
- </id>
- <property name="name" column="name" type="string"></property>
- <component name="address" class="bean.Address">
- <property name="addressName" column="address_name"></property>
- <property name="addressValue" column="address_value"></property>
- </component>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
(1).User类映射的表为users,id为其主键,name为User的一般属性,被映射为name字段。
(2).<component>指定User类的address为User的组件,address并不是一个可以直接映射为表字段的属性而是一个类对象,class指定类的名称,<component>的子元素<property>指定组件类的属性与users表字段的映射关系。
(3)不必为Address写一个Address.hbm.xml映射文件,因为Address是作为User的一部分即值类型而不是实体被持久化的,所以Address的属性会与User的其它属性一样被映射为users表中的字段,而不会将Address映射为单独的一个表。
(4)User与Address的关系是"整体与部分",也可以将他们表示为一对一关联关系,这样的话两者就是“平等"关系,那么Address就会被映射为单独的一张表(需要配置Address.hbm.xml文件)。
(5)users表的结构为:
保存User对象:
- tx=session.beginTransaction();
- User user=new User();
- user.setName("zhangsan");
- Address address=new Address();
- address.setAddressName("HomeAddress");
- address.setAddressValue("青岛");
- user.setAddress(address);
- session.save(user);
- tx.commit();
- Hibernate: insert into users (name, address_name, address_value, id) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
2.若User可有多个地址,即User类中的address属性为Set<Address>类型时,配置如下:
持久化类User:
- public class User {
- private Long id;
- private String name;
- private Set<Address> address;
- //省略set、get方法
- }
配置User.hbm.xml:
- <class name="bean.User" table="users">
- <id name="id" column="id" type="long">
- <generator class="increment"></generator>
- </id>
- <property name="name" column="name" type="string"></property>
- <!--注意<set>中并不是<one-to-many>而是<composite-element>-->
- <set name="address" table="address_table">
- <key column="user_id"></key>
- <composite-element class="bean.Address">
- <property name="addressName" column="address_name"></property>
- <property name="addressValue" column="address_value"></property>
- </composite-element>
- </set>
- </class>
(1)与一对多关联关系不同,<set>中使用的不是<one-to-many>而是<composite-element>,Hibernate会将User对象address属性(Set类型)中的所有元素映射到另外一张表中(显然users中的一个记录不能表示Set中的多个元素),table属性指定另一张表的名称为address_table,该表存放Set中的元素,并且该表中还有一个参照users表id的外键字段user_id。
(2)users表与address_table表的结构为:(使用Hibernate自动建表功能创建)
address_table表的各字段说明:
可以发现address_table表中并没有主键,只有user_id参照users表中的主键id。
保存User对象:
- tx=session.beginTransaction();
- User user=new User();
- user.setName("zhangsan");
- Address address=new Address();
- address.setAddressName("HomeAddress");
- address.setAddressValue("青岛");
- Address address2=new Address();
- address2.setAddressName("SchoolAddress");
- address2.setAddressValue("北京");
- user.setAddress(new HashSet<Address>());
- user.getAddress().add(address);
- user.getAddress().add(address2);
- session.save(user);
- tx.commit();
- Hibernate: insert into users (name, id) values (?, ?)
- Hibernate: insert into address_table (user_id, address_name, address_value) values (?, ?, ?)
- Hibernate: insert into address_table (user_id, address_name, address_value) values (?, ?, ?)
address_table的内容:
(因为address_table表没有主键,所以在MySQL WorkBench中无法通过图形化界面添加记录,但是可以操纵SQL语句添加记录,例:
要插入记录的user_id必须为users表中存在的id(因为user_id参照users表的id),可使用update语句更改使表中存在相同的记录,下面会查询id为1L的User对象的Set中的Address对象以检验Hibernate是否会自动排除重复的元素以符合Set中无重复元素的原则。
)
查询User对象:
- User u=(User)session.get(User.class, 1L);
- Set<Address> address=u.getAddress();
- for (Iterator iterator = address.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
- Address a = (Address) iterator.next();
- System.out.println(a.getAddressName()+":"+a.getAddressValue());}
- Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from users user0_ where user0_.id=?
- Hibernate: select address0_.user_id as user1_0_, address0_.address_name as address2_0_, address0_.address_value as address3_0_ from address_table address0_ where address0_.user_id=?
- HomeAddress:青岛
- HomeAddress:青岛
- H:S
- Hibernate: delete from address_table where user_id=? and address_name=? and address_value=?
- Hibernate: delete from address_table where user_id=? and address_name=? and address_value=?
- Hibernate: delete from address_table where user_id=? and address_name=? and address_value=?
- Hibernate: insert into address_table (user_id, address_name, address_value) values (?, ?, ?)
- Hibernate: insert into address_table (user_id, address_name, address_value) values (?, ?, ?)
- Hibernate: insert into address_table (user_id, address_name, address_value) values (?, ?, ?)
控制台输出:
- Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from users user0_ where user0_.id=?
- Hibernate: select address0_.user_id as user1_0_, address0_.address_name as address2_0_, address0_.address_value as address3_0_ from address_table address0_ where address0_.user_id=?
- HomeAddress:青岛
- H:S