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def
map_test(func,array):
array_new
=
[]
for
i
in
array:
array_new.append(func(i))
return
array_new
print
map_test(
lambda
x:x
*
*
2
,
range
(
10
))
print
map
(
lambda
x:x
*
*
2
,
range
(
10
))
def
odd(num):
return
num
%
2
def
filter_test(func,array):
array_new
=
[]
for
i
in
array:
if
func(i):
array_new.append(i)
return
array_new
print
filter_test(odd,
range
(
10
))
print
filter
(odd,
range
(
10
))
def
reduce_test(func,array,init):
l
=
list
(array)
if
init
is
None
:
res
=
l.pop(
0
)
else
:
res
=
init
for
i
in
l:
res
=
func(res,i)
return
res
print
reduce_test(
lambda
x,y:x
+
y,
range
(
100
),
10
)
print
reduce
(
lambda
x,y:x
+
y,
range
(
100
),
10
)
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
def
foo():
print
'in the foo'
bar()
foo()
报错：
in
the foo
Traceback (most recent call last):
File
"<pyshell#13>"
, line
1
,
in
<module>
foo()
File
"<pyshell#12>"
, line
3
,
in
foo
bar()
NameError:
global
name
'bar'
is
not
defined
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
def
foo():
print
'foo'
bar()
foo()
def
bar():
print
'bar'
报错：NameError:
global
name
'bar'
is
not
defined
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
def
bar():
print
'in the bar'
def
foo():
print
'in the foo'
bar()
foo()
def
foo():
print
'in the foo'
bar()
def
bar():
print
'in the bar'
foo()
|
-
某一函数当做参数传入另一个函数中
-
函数的返回值包含n个函数,n>0
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
def
bar():
print
'in the bar'
def
foo(func):
res
=
func()
return
res
foo(bar)
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
def
foo(func):
return
func
print
'Function body is %s'
%
(foo(bar))
print
'Function name is %s'
%
(foo(bar).func_name)
foo(bar)()
#foo(bar)() 等同于bar=foo(bar)然后bar()
bar
=
foo(bar)
bar()
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
def
foo():
def
bar():
print
'in the bar'
bar()
foo()
# bar()
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
x
=
0
def
grandpa():
# x=1
def
dad():
x
=
2
def
son():
x
=
3
print
x
son()
dad()
grandpa()
|
|
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2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
y
=
10
# def test():
# y+=1
# print y
def
test():
# global y
y
=
2
print
y
test()
print
y
def
dad():
m
=
1
def
son():
n
=
2
print
'--->'
,m
+
n
print
'-->'
,m
son()
dad()
|
四：闭包：如果在一个内部函数里，对在外部作用域(但不是在全局作用域）的变量进行引用，那么内部函数就被认为是 closure
|
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
def
counter(start_num
=
0
):
count
=
[start_num]
def
incr():
count[
0
]
+
=
1
return
count[
0
]
return
incr
print
counter()
print
counter()()
print
counter()()
c
=
counter()
print
c()
print
c()
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
def
decorartor(func):
def
wrapper(n):
print
'starting'
func(n)
print
'stopping'
return
wrapper
def
test(n):
print
'in the test arg is %s'
%
n
decorartor(test)(
'alex'
)
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
def
decorartor(func):
def
wrapper(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs):
print
'starting'
func(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs)
print
'stopping'
return
wrapper
def
test(n,x
=
1
):
print
'in the test arg is %s'
%
n
decorartor(test)(
'alex'
,x
=
2
)
|
-
无参装饰器
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
import
time
def
decorator(func):
def
wrapper(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs):
start
=
time.time()
func(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs)
stop
=
time.time()
print
'run time is %s '
%
(stop
-
start)
print
timeout
return
wrapper
@decorator
def
test(list_test):
for
i
in
list_test:
time.sleep(
0.1
)
print
'-'
*
20
,i
#decorator(test)(range(10))
test(
range
(
10
))
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
import
time
def
timer(timeout
=
0
):
def
decorator(func):
def
wrapper(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs):
start
=
time.time()
func(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs)
stop
=
time.time()
print
'run time is %s '
%
(stop
-
start)
print
timeout
return
wrapper
return
decorator
@timer
(
2
)
def
test(list_test):
for
i
in
list_test:
time.sleep(
0.1
)
print
'-'
*
20
,i
#timer(timeout=10)(test)(range(10))
test(
range
(
10
))
|
|
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2
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12
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14
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21
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45
46
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48
49
50
51
52
|
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from
threading
import
Thread
import
time
class
TimeoutException(Exception):
pass
ThreadStop
=
Thread._Thread__stop
#获取私有函数
def
timelimited(timeout):
def
decorator(function):
def
decorator2(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs):
class
TimeLimited(Thread):
def
__init__(
self
,_error
=
None
,):
Thread.__init__(
self
)
self
._error
=
_error
def
run(
self
):
try
:
self
.result
=
function(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs)
except
Exception,e:
self
._error
=
e
def
_stop(
self
):
if
self
.isAlive():
ThreadStop(
self
)
t
=
TimeLimited()
t.start()
t.join(timeout)
if
isinstance
(t._error,TimeoutException):
t._stop()
raise
TimeoutException(
'timeout for %s'
%
(
repr
(function)))
if
t.isAlive():
t._stop()
raise
TimeoutException(
'timeout for %s'
%
(
repr
(function)))
if
t._error
is
None
:
return
t.result
return
decorator2
return
decorator
@timelimited
(
2
)
def
fn_1(secs):
time.sleep(secs)
return
'Finished'
if
__name__
=
=
"__main__"
:
print
fn_1(
4
)
转自：
|
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