信息安全实验:标准IP的ACLs的配置(cisco模拟器)

基本原理

ACLs的全称为接入控制列表(Access Control Lists),也称为访问列表(Access List),俗称为防火墙,在有的文档中还称之为包过滤。ACLs通过定义一些规则对网络设备接口上的数据报文进行控制:允许通过或丢弃,从而提高网络可管理性和安全性;
IP ACL分为两种:标准IP访问列表和扩展IP访问列表,编号范围分别为1~99、1300~1999,100~199、2000~2699;
标准IP访问列表可以根据数据包的源IP地址定义规则,进行数据包的过滤;
扩展IP访问列表可以根据数据包的源IP、目的IP、源端口、目的端口、协议来定义规则,进行数据包的过滤;
IP ACL基于接口进行规则的应用,分为:入栈应用和出栈应用;


实验要求

这里写图片描述

  • 路由器之间通过V.35电缆串口连接,DCE端连接在R1上,配置其时间频率为64000;主机与路由器通过交叉线连接;
  • 配置路由器接口IP地址;
  • 在路由器上配置OSPF路由协议,让三台PC 能相互ping通,因为只有在互通的前提下才能涉及到访问控制列表;
  • 在R1上配置编号的IP标准访问控制列表;
  • 将标准IP访问列表应用到接口上;
  • 验证主机之间的互通性;

实验命令

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface fa1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int fa0/0       fa00 = 01      fa10 = 00
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int se2/0       se2/0 = 010
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
R1#

这里需要转到R2的配置,ip,ospf等。然后回到R1


R1#show ip route 
                                                               //两台路由器配置好后的路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
O    192.168.4.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:15, Serial2/0
R1#
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip ?
  access-list       Named access-list
  default-network   Flags networks as candidates for default routes
  dhcp              Configure DHCP server and relay parameters
  domain            IP DNS Resolver
  domain-lookup     Enable IP Domain Name System hostname translation
  domain-name       Define the default domain name
  forward-protocol  Controls forwarding of physical and directed IP broadcasts
  host              Add an entry to the ip hostname table
  name-server       Specify address of name server to use
  nat               NAT configuration commands
  route             Establish static routes
  tcp               Global TCP parameters
R1(config)#ip ac
R1(config)#ip access-list ?
  extended  Extended Access List
  standard  Standard Access List
R1(config)#ip access-list sta
R1(config)#ip access-list standard ?
  <1-99>  Standard IP access-list number
  WORD    Access-list name
R1(config)#ip access-list standard david ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#ip access-list standard david                           //配置名为david的IP标准访问控制列表
R1(config-std-nacl)#?
  default  Set a command to its defaults
  deny     Specify packets to reject
  exit     Exit from access-list configuration mode
  no       Negate a command or set its defaults
  permit   Specify packets to forward
  remark   Access list entry comment
R1(config-std-nacl)#permit 192.168.1.0 ?
  A.B.C.D  Wildcard bits
  <cr>
R1(config-std-nacl)#permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ?
  <cr>
R1(config-std-nacl)#permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255                   //允许192.168.1.0网段通过
R1(config-std-nacl)#deny ?
  A.B.C.D  Address to match
  any      Any source host
  host     A single host address
R1(config-std-nacl)#deny 192.168.2.0 ?
  A.B.C.D  Wildcard bits
  <cr>
R1(config-std-nacl)#deny 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 ?
  <cr>
R1(config-std-nacl)#deny 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255                     //禁止192.168.2.0网段通过
R1(config-std-nacl)#exit
R1(config)#inter
R1(config)#interface se2/0
R1(config-if)#?
  bandwidth          Set bandwidth informational parameter
  cdp                CDP interface subcommands
  clock              Configure serial interface clock
  crypto             Encryption/Decryption commands
  custom-queue-list  Assign a custom queue list to an interface
  delay              Specify interface throughput delay
  description        Interface specific description
  encapsulation      Set encapsulation type for an interface
  exit               Exit from interface configuration mode
  fair-queue         Enable Fair Queuing on an Interface
  frame-relay        Set frame relay parameters
  hold-queue         Set hold queue depth
  ip                 Interface Internet Protocol config commands
  keepalive          Enable keepalive
  mtu                Set the interface Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
  no                 Negate a command or set its defaults
  ppp                Point-to-Point Protocol
  priority-group     Assign a priority group to an interface
  service-policy     Configure QoS Service Policy
  shutdown           Shutdown the selected interface
  tx-ring-limit      Configure PA level transmit ring limit
  zone-member        Apply zone name
R1(config-if)#ip ?
  access-group        Specify access control for packets
  address             Set the IP address of an interface
  hello-interval      Configures IP-EIGRP hello interval
  helper-address      Specify a destination address for UDP broadcasts
  inspect             Apply inspect name
  ips                 Create IPS rule
  mtu                 Set IP Maximum Transmission Unit
  nat                 NAT interface commands
  ospf                OSPF interface commands
  split-horizon       Perform split horizon
  summary-address     Perform address summarization
  virtual-reassembly  Virtual Reassembly
R1(config-if)#ip ac
R1(config-if)#ip access-group ?
  <1-199>  IP access list (standard or extended)
  WORD     Access-list name
R1(config-if)#ip access-group david ?
  in   inbound packets
  out  outbound packets
R1(config-if)#ip access-group david out ?
  <cr>
R1(config-if)#ip access-group david out     








                         //将名为david的IP标准访问控制列表应用到se2/0端口
R1(config-if)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show running-config 
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 928 bytes
!
version 12.2
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1
!
...
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
 ip access-group david out
 clock rate 64000
!
interface Serial3/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet5/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
!
ip access-list standard david
 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
 deny 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
!
...
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
 login
!
!
!
end


R1#
R2:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#int fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int se2/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
00:11:23: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.3.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Do
R2(config-router)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O    192.168.1.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:09, Serial2/0
O    192.168.2.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:09, Serial2/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R2#
五、测试
PC1:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig

IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1

PC>ping 192.168.4.2                                        //ACL前

Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 15ms, Average = 13ms

PC>ping 192.168.4.2                                        //ACL后

Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=13ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 12ms

PC>
PC2:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig

IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1

PC>ping 192.168.4.2                                      //ACL前

Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 17ms, Average = 11ms

PC>ping 192.168.4.2                                      //ACL后

Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.2.1: Destination host unreachable.
Reply from 192.168.2.1: Destination host unreachable.
Reply from 192.168.2.1: Destination host unreachable.
Reply from 192.168.2.1: Destination host unreachable.

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),

PC>

实验结果

这里写图片描述
这里写图片描述

这里写图片描述

这里写图片描述

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