如何基于列值从DataFrame中选择行？

本文翻译自：How to select rows from a DataFrame based on column values?

How to select rows from a DataFrame based on values in some column in Python Pandas? 如何基于Python Pandas中某些列中的值从DataFrame选择行？

In SQL, I would use: 在SQL中，我将使用：

SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE colume_name = some_value

I tried to look at pandas documentation but did not immediately find the answer. 我试图查看熊猫文档，但没有立即找到答案。

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/19dAl/如何基于列值从DataFrame中选择行

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#2楼

To select rows whose column value equals a scalar, some_value , use == : 要选择列值等于标量some_value ，请使用== ：

df.loc[df['column_name'] == some_value]

To select rows whose column value is in an iterable, some_values , use isin : 要选择行其列值是一个迭代， some_values ，使用isin ：

df.loc[df['column_name'].isin(some_values)]

Combine multiple conditions with & : 将多个条件与&组合：

df.loc[(df['column_name'] >= A) & (df['column_name'] <= B)]

Note the parentheses. 注意括号。 Due to Python's operator precedence rules , & binds more tightly than <= and >= . 由于Python的运算符优先级规则 ， &绑定比<=和>=更紧密。 Thus, the parentheses in the last example are necessary. 因此，最后一个示例中的括号是必需的。 Without the parentheses 没有括号

df['column_name'] >= A & df['column_name'] <= B

is parsed as 被解析为

df['column_name'] >= (A & df['column_name']) <= B

which results in a Truth value of a Series is ambiguous error . 这导致一个系列的真值是模棱两可的错误 。

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To select rows whose column value does not equal some_value , use != : 要选择列值不等于 some_value ，请使用!= ：

df.loc[df['column_name'] != some_value]

isin returns a boolean Series, so to select rows whose value is not in some_values , negate the boolean Series using ~ : isin返回一个布尔系列，因此要选择值不在 some_values行，请使用~取反布尔系列：

df.loc[~df['column_name'].isin(some_values)]

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For example, 例如，

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': 'foo bar foo bar foo bar foo foo'.split(),
                   'B': 'one one two three two two one three'.split(),
                   'C': np.arange(8), 'D': np.arange(8) * 2})
print(df)
#      A      B  C   D
# 0  foo    one  0   0
# 1  bar    one  1   2
# 2  foo    two  2   4
# 3  bar  three  3   6
# 4  foo    two  4   8
# 5  bar    two  5  10
# 6  foo    one  6  12
# 7  foo  three  7  14

print(df.loc[df['A'] == 'foo'])

yields 产量

     A      B  C   D
0  foo    one  0   0
2  foo    two  2   4
4  foo    two  4   8
6  foo    one  6  12
7  foo  three  7  14

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If you have multiple values you want to include, put them in a list (or more generally, any iterable) and use isin : 如果要包含多个值，请将它们放在列表中（或更普遍地说，是任何可迭代的），然后使用isin ：

print(df.loc[df['B'].isin(['one','three'])])

yields 产量

     A      B  C   D
0  foo    one  0   0
1  bar    one  1   2
3  bar  three  3   6
6  foo    one  6  12
7  foo  three  7  14

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Note, however, that if you wish to do this many times, it is more efficient to make an index first, and then use df.loc : 但是请注意，如果您希望多次执行此操作，则首先创建索引，然后使用df.loc会更有效：

df = df.set_index(['B'])
print(df.loc['one'])

yields 产量

       A  C   D
B              
one  foo  0   0
one  bar  1   2
one  foo  6  12

or, to include multiple values from the index use df.index.isin : 或者，要包含索引中的多个值，请使用df.index.isin ：

df.loc[df.index.isin(['one','two'])]

yields 产量

       A  C   D
B              
one  foo  0   0
one  bar  1   2
two  foo  2   4
two  foo  4   8
two  bar  5  10
one  foo  6  12

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#3楼

Here is a simple example 这是一个简单的例子

from pandas import DataFrame

# Create data set
d = {'Revenue':[100,111,222], 
     'Cost':[333,444,555]}
df = DataFrame(d)


# mask = Return True when the value in column "Revenue" is equal to 111
mask = df['Revenue'] == 111

print mask

# Result:
# 0    False
# 1     True
# 2    False
# Name: Revenue, dtype: bool


# Select * FROM df WHERE Revenue = 111
df[mask]

# Result:
#    Cost    Revenue
# 1  444     111

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#4楼

tl;dr tl; dr

The pandas equivalent to 大熊猫相当于

select * from table where column_name = some_value

is 是

table[table.column_name == some_value]

Multiple conditions: 多个条件：

table[(table.column_name == some_value) | (table.column_name2 == some_value2)]

or 要么

table.query('column_name == some_value | column_name2 == some_value2')

Code example 代码示例

import pandas as pd

# Create data set
d = {'foo':[100, 111, 222], 
     'bar':[333, 444, 555]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)

# Full dataframe:
df

# Shows:
#    bar   foo 
# 0  333   100
# 1  444   111
# 2  555   222

# Output only the row(s) in df where foo is 222:
df[df.foo == 222]

# Shows:
#    bar  foo
# 2  555  222

In the above code it is the line df[df.foo == 222] that gives the rows based on the column value, 222 in this case. 在上面的代码它是线df[df.foo == 222]给出基于列的值，行222在这种情况下。

Multiple conditions are also possible: 多种条件也是可能的：

df[(df.foo == 222) | (df.bar == 444)]
#    bar  foo
# 1  444  111
# 2  555  222

But at that point I would recommend using the query function, since it's less verbose and yields the same result: 但是在那一点上，我建议使用查询函数，因为它不太冗长，并且产生的结果相同：

df.query('foo == 222 | bar == 444')

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#5楼

I find the syntax of the previous answers to be redundant and difficult to remember. 我发现先前答案的语法是多余的，很难记住。 Pandas introduced the query() method in v0.13 and I much prefer it. 熊猫在v0.13中引入了query()方法，我更喜欢它。 For your question, you could do df.query('col == val') 对于您的问题，您可以执行df.query('col == val')

Reproduced from http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/version/0.17.0/indexing.html#indexing-query 转载自http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/version/0.17.0/indexing.html#indexing-query

In [167]: n = 10

In [168]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(n, 3), columns=list('abc'))

In [169]: df
Out[169]: 
          a         b         c
0  0.687704  0.582314  0.281645
1  0.250846  0.610021  0.420121
2  0.624328  0.401816  0.932146
3  0.011763  0.022921  0.244186
4  0.590198  0.325680  0.890392
5  0.598892  0.296424  0.007312
6  0.634625  0.803069  0.123872
7  0.924168  0.325076  0.303746
8  0.116822  0.364564  0.454607
9  0.986142  0.751953  0.561512

# pure python
In [170]: df[(df.a < df.b) & (df.b < df.c)]
Out[170]: 
          a         b         c
3  0.011763  0.022921  0.244186
8  0.116822  0.364564  0.454607

# query
In [171]: df.query('(a < b) & (b < c)')
Out[171]: 
          a         b         c
3  0.011763  0.022921  0.244186
8  0.116822  0.364564  0.454607

You can also access variables in the environment by prepending an @ . 您还可以在环境中添加@来访问变量。

exclude = ('red', 'orange')
df.query('color not in @exclude')

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#6楼

To append to this famous question (though a bit too late): You can also do df.groupby('column_name').get_group('column_desired_value').reset_index() to make a new data frame with specified column having a particular value. 附加到这个著名的问题（虽然为时已晚）：您还可以执行df.groupby('column_name').get_group('column_desired_value').reset_index()来创建一个具有指定值的具有特定值的新数据框。 Eg 例如

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': 'foo bar foo bar foo bar foo foo'.split(),
                   'B': 'one one two three two two one three'.split()})
print("Original dataframe:")
print(df)

b_is_two_dataframe = pd.DataFrame(df.groupby('B').get_group('two').reset_index()).drop('index', axis = 1) 
#NOTE: the final drop is to remove the extra index column returned by groupby object
print('Sub dataframe where B is two:')
print(b_is_two_dataframe)

Run this gives: 运行此给出：

Original dataframe:
     A      B
0  foo    one
1  bar    one
2  foo    two
3  bar  three
4  foo    two
5  bar    two
6  foo    one
7  foo  three
Sub dataframe where B is two:
     A    B
0  foo  two
1  foo  two
2  bar  two