A structural modification is any operation that adds or deletes one or more elements, or explicitly resizes the backing array; merely setting the value of an element is not a structural modification.
fail-fast: if the list is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own remove or add methods, the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs.
继承自AbstractList的List：LinkedList,ArrayList,Vector,Stack的Iterator都有这种属性
PriorityQueue的Iterator也有这种属性.
中种特性的实现方法是借助于一个modCount成员变量，记录structual modification的次数，在Iterator初始化时，让它的成员变量expectedModCount等于modCount，这样在Iterator做遍历时，如果发现 expectedModCount!= modCount就说明容器的内容发生了改变，抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常
fail-fast: if the list is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own remove or add methods, the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs.
继承自AbstractList的List：LinkedList,ArrayList,Vector,Stack的Iterator都有这种属性
PriorityQueue的Iterator也有这种属性.
中种特性的实现方法是借助于一个modCount成员变量，记录structual modification的次数，在Iterator初始化时，让它的成员变量expectedModCount等于modCount，这样在Iterator做遍历时，如果发现 expectedModCount!= modCount就说明容器的内容发生了改变，抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常
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