.NET Framework提供类处理HTTP请求。这篇文章讲述一下处理GET和POST请求。
概述
简单GET请求
简单POST请求
HTTP授权请求
错误处理
深入阅读
概述
System.Net命名空间包含 HttpWebRequest和
HttpWebResponse
类,这两个类可以从web服务器获取数据和使用基于HTTP的服务。通常你需要添加System.Web的引用,这样就可以使用
HttpUtility
类,这个类可以提供方法对 HTML 和URL的文本进行编码或者解码。
雅虎web服务返回XML数据。有些web服务返回其他格式的数据,比如JSON和序列化的PHP,.NET Framework自从扩展支持处理xml数据之后,处理这种格式的数据就特别简单了。
简单GET请求
接下来的例子获取网页并打印出源码。
C# GET 例1
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
// Create the web request
HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create("https://developer.yahoo.com/") as HttpWebRequest;
// Get response
using (HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
{
// Get the response stream
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream());
// Console application output
Console.WriteLine(reader.ReadToEnd());
}
简单POST请求
有些APIs要求你使用POST请求。为了实现这个功能,我们改变请求方法和内容类型,然后将请求的数据写入到数据流(stream)中。
C# POST例1
// We use the HttpUtility class from the System.Web namespace
using System.Web;
Uri address = new Uri("http://api.search.yahoo.com/ContentAnalysisService/V1/termExtraction");
// Create the web request
HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(address) as HttpWebRequest;
// Set type to POST
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
// Create the data we want to send
string appId = "YahooDemo";
string context = "Italian sculptors and painters of the renaissance"
+ "favored the Virgin Mary for inspiration";
string query = "madonna";
StringBuilder data = new StringBuilder();
data.Append("appid=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(appId));
data.Append("&context=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(context));
data.Append("&query=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(query));
// Create a byte array of the data we want to send
byte[] byteData = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data.ToString());
// Set the content length in the request headers
request.ContentLength = byteData.Length;
// Write data
using (Stream postStream = request.GetRequestStream())
{
postStream.Write(byteData, 0, byteData.Length);
}
// Get response
using (HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
{
// Get the response stream
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream());
// Console application output
Console.WriteLine(reader.ReadToEnd());
}
C# HTTP AUTHENTICATION
// Create the web request
HttpWebRequest request
= WebRequest.Create("https://api.del.icio.us/v1/posts/recent") as HttpWebRequest;
// Add authentication to request
request.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("username", "password");
// Get response
using (HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
{
// Get the response stream
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream());
// Console application output
Console.WriteLine(reader.ReadToEnd());
}
错误处理
雅虎提供众多基于REST的web服务,不全是使用相同的错误处理方式。有些web服务返回状态码200(表示OK),详细的错误信息在返回来的xml里面,但是有些web服务使用标准的HTTP状态码表示错误信息。请阅读您使用的web服务的文档,了解你所遇到的响应的错误类型。请记住,雅虎基于浏览器授权和HTTP授权是不一样的。调用
HttpRequest.GetResponse()
方法在服务器没有返回状态码200(表示OK),请求超时和网络错误的时候,会引发错误。但是,重定向会自动处理的。
这是一个典型的例子,打印一个网页的内容和基本的HTTP错误代码处理错误。
C# GET 例2
public static void PrintSource(Uri address)
{
HttpWebRequest request;
HttpWebResponse response = null;
StreamReader reader;
StringBuilder sbSource;
if (address == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("address"); }
try
{
// Create and initialize the web request
request = WebRequest.Create(address) as HttpWebRequest;
request.UserAgent = ".NET Sample";
request.KeepAlive = false;
// Set timeout to 15 seconds
request.Timeout = 15 * 1000;
// Get response
response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
if (request.HaveResponse == true && response != null)
{
// Get the response stream
reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream());
// Read it into a StringBuilder
sbSource = new StringBuilder(reader.ReadToEnd());
// Console application output
Console.WriteLine(sbSource.ToString());
}
}
catch (WebException wex)
{
// This exception will be raised if the server didn't return 200 - OK
// Try to retrieve more information about the network error
if (wex.Response != null)
{
using (HttpWebResponse errorResponse = (HttpWebResponse)wex.Response)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"The server returned '{0}' with the status code {1} ({2:d}).",
errorResponse.StatusDescription, errorResponse.StatusCode,
errorResponse.StatusCode);
}
}
}
finally
{
if (response != null) { response.Close(); }
}
}
深入阅读
网上相关信息。
翻译这篇文章其实是自己想学习如何使用C#调用REST服务。