atoi函数实现

对应leetcode：String to Integer (atoi)

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

题解：

细节题：注意各种情况

1.不规则输入，但是有效。"-3924"."+20"

2.无效格式，"++c","++1"

3.溢出数据，"2147483648"

class Solution {
public:
    int myAtoi(string str) {
        int num = 0;
        int sign = 1;
        const int n = str.length();
        int i = 0;
        
        while(str[i]==' '&&i<n) i++;
        
        if(str[i]=='+')
            i++;
        else if(str[i]=='-'){
            sign = -1;
            i++;
        }
        for(;i<n;i++){
            if(str[i]<'0'||str[i]>'9')
                break;
            if(num>INT_MAX/10||
            (num==INT_MAX/10&&(str[i]-'0')>INT_MAX%10)){
                return sign == -1?INT_MIN:INT_MAX;
            }
            num=num*10+str[i]-'0';
        }
        return num*sign;
    }
};