多重继承

https://www.oschina.net/translate/cpp-virtual-inheritance

可通过以下代码验证：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

/*class Top
{ 
    public: 
        int a;
};

class Left : public Top
{ 
    public: 
        int b;
};

class Right : public Top
{ 
    public: 
        int c;
};

class Bottom : public Left, public Right
{ 
    public: 
        int d;
};

int main()
{
    Bottom* bottom = new Bottom();
    Left* left = bottom;
    Right* right = bottom;

    //Top* top = bottom;    //出现二义性（ambiguous）

    Top* topL = (Left*) bottom;
    Top* topR = (Right*) bottom;

    topL->a = 1;
    topR->a = 2;

    //cout<< bottom->a <<endl;  //二义性

    cout<< sizeof(*bottom) <<endl;  //结果为20（包含两个a，一个b一个c一个d）

    return 0;
}*/


class Top
{ 
    public: 
        int a;
};

class Left : virtual public Top
{ 
    public: 
        int b;
};

class Right : virtual public Top
{ 
    public: 
        int c;
};

class Bottom : public Left, public Right
{ 
    public: 
        int d;
};

int main()
{
    Bottom* bottom = new Bottom();
    Left* left = bottom;
    Right* right = bottom;

    Top* top = bottom;  //不会有二义性

    Top* topL = (Left*) bottom;
    Top* topR = (Right*) bottom;

    topL->a = 1;
    topR->a = 2;

    cout<< bottom->a <<endl;    //不会有二义性

    //类的每个虚拟基类都有一个vptr指针
    //虽然bottom中公用一个Top对象，但是bottom中添加了vptr.Left
    //和vptr.Right两个指针，这两个指针都指向了Top
    cout<< sizeof(*bottom) <<endl;  //结果为24

    return 0;
}