- Instuction & Microinstruction
- Microinstructions: a set of micro-operations
- Machine instruction: one microprogram = a set of microinstructions
- Control logic is specified by a microprogram.
- Microprogram: also called firmware
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- A sequence of instructions in a microprogramming language
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- A language specifying micro-operations
- A clause is a microinstruction
- Very simple instructions that specify micro-operations
- Micro-instruction types
- Vertical micro-instruction: seldom used
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- Each micro-instruction specifies a single(or a few) micro-operation to be performed
- Width is narrow
- n control signals encoded into log2 n bits
- Limited ability to express parallelism
- Horizontal micro-instruction
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- Each micro-instruction specifies many different micro-operaions to be performed in parallel
- Wide memory word
- High degree of parallel operations possible
- Little encoding of control information
- Control unit function: Should happen in one clock pulse
- Sequence logic unit issues read command
- Word specified in control address register is read into control buffer register
- Control buffer register contents generates control signals and next address information
- Sequence logic loads new address into control buffer register based on next address information from control buffer register and ALU flags
- Pros & Cons
- Pros:
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- Simplifies design of control unit
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- Cheaper
- Less error-prone
- Cons:
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- Slower than hardwired control
- Microinstruction designing
- Microinstruction sequencing
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- Size of microinstructions
- Address generation time
- How to obtain the next microinstruction
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- Determined by instruction register
- Next sequential address
- Branches
- Microinstruction execution
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- Fetch: determined by generation of microinstruction address
- Execute ( == Read): to generate control signals
Chapter 17 Micro-Programmed Control
最新推荐文章于 2023-02-01 22:35:29 发布