Apache静态编译与动态编译详解

转自：http://blog.snsgou.com/post-240.html

Apache拥有4层结构，从核心到外层的module。而外层的module可以用通过静态和动态两种方式与Apache共同工作。这也就引入下文的“动态”和“静态”两种编译安装方式：

静态编译：

编译的时候，所有的模块自己编译进 httpd 这个文件中 ，启动Apache的时候这些模块就已经加载进来了，可以直接来使用，而不用再 httpd.conf 中在 LoadModule 来加载，只要在 <ifmodule></ifmodule> 中来配置就可以了。

动态编译：

编译的时候，使用enable-MODULE=shared 或者enable-mods-shared=MODULE来动态编译。 动态显然就不编译到httpd里面去了，启动的时候根本不会加载这个模块， 而是给你一个module.so 文件。你想用，就在httpd.conf中使用 loadmodule 这个语法来加载，这个模块才有效。

区别是：

静态的模块通常在http.conf中用<ifmodule></ifmodule> 来配置，动态的要先loadmoule来加载，然后再<ifmodule></ifmodule>配置。

官方说静态的比动态的在性能方面多5%左右。

相对来说，静态的效率高些，而动态方式配置方面灵活。想想如果编译进去的C这个module你想升级或者去掉，静态方式的就只能重新编译Apache了。

下面这句在Apache源文件夹下运行，可以查看默认情况下Apache都给你装了那些module进去：

1	./configure –help | grep disable

让Apache日后可以动态编译和加载模块：

如果想让Apache日后可以支持动态编译(DSO)更多的module，需要在初次安装时把so这个模块编译到核心（即，静态编译）。

如果编译中包含任何DSO模块，则mod_so会被自动包含进核心。如果希望核心以后能够装载DSO，但不实际编译任何DSO模块，则需明确指定：

针对apache1.x: --enable-module=so

针对apache2.x: --enable-so=static

Apache模块的类型：

基本(B)模块默认包含，必须明确禁用；

扩展(E)/实验(X)模块默认不包含，必须明确启用。

那么，针对以上这些类型的模块，有以下几种操作方式：

--disable-MODULE

禁用MODULE模块(仅用于基本模块)

--enable-MODULE=shared

将MODULE编译为DSO(可用于所有模块)

--enable-MODULE=static

将MODULE静态连接进核心(仅用于扩展和实验模块)

--enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST

将MODULE-LIST中的所有模块都编译成DSO(可用于所有模块)

--enable-modules=MODULE-LIST

将MODULE-LIST静态连接进核心(可用于所有模块)

针对--enable-modules和--enable-mods-shared有两个懒办法就是 most参数和all参数，分别表示“很多的”和“所有”。

例如：

mod_alias是个基本模块，不想安装的话就： --disable-alias

mod_rewrite是个扩展模块，想动态加载它：--enable-rewrite=shared，想静态加载就是：--enable-rewrite=static

想静态编译mod_alias和mod_rewrite：--enable-modules='alias rewrite'

想动态编译mod_alias和mod_rewrite：--enable-mods-shared='alias rewrite'

针对Apache2.2.x的一些例子：

最大化静态安装Apache:

1	./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=all

最大化动态安装Apache:

1	./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-mods-shared=all

静态安装rewrite、动态安装deflate以及headers

1	./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-rewrite=static --enable-deflate=shared --enable-headers=shared

不安装基本的alais，保留以后的扩展DSO能力：

1	./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so=static --disable-alias

 

---

 

在Apache的源码目录，运行命令 ./configure -help 可查看所有编译参数解释

001	[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.22

002	[root@localhost httpd-2.2.22]# ./configure -help

003	`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.

004

005	Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

006

007	To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as

008	VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

009

010	Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

011

012	Configuration:

013	-h, --help              display this help and exit

014	--help=short        display options specific to this package

015	--help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages

016	-V, --version           display version information and exit

017	-q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking...' messages

018	--cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]

019	-C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'

020	-n, --no-create         do not create output files

021	--srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

022

023	Installation directories:

024	--prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX

025	[/usr/local/apache2]

026	--exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX

027

[PREFIX]

028

029	By default, `make install' will install all the files in

030	`/usr/local/apache2/bin', `/usr/local/apache2/lib' etc.  You can specify

031	an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/apache2' using `--prefix',

032	for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

033

034	For better control, use the options below.

035

036	Fine tuning of the installation directories:

037	--bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]

038	--sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]

039	--libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]

040	--sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]

041	--sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]

042	--localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]

043	--libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]

044	--includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]

045	--oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]

046	--datarootdir=DIR       read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]

047	--datadir=DIR           read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]

048	--infodir=DIR           info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]

049	--localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]

050	--mandir=DIR            man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]

051	--docdir=DIR            documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]

052	--htmldir=DIR           html documentation [DOCDIR]

053	--dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation [DOCDIR]

054	--pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation [DOCDIR]

055	--psdir=DIR             ps documentation [DOCDIR]

056

057	System types:

058	--build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]

059	--host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]

060	--target=TARGET   configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]

061

062	Optional Features:

063	--disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options

064	--disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)

065	--enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]

066	--enable-layout=LAYOUT

067	--enable-v4-mapped      Allow IPv6 sockets to handle IPv4 connections

068	--enable-exception-hook Enable fatal exception hook

069	--enable-maintainer-mode

070	Turn on debugging and compile time warnings

071	--enable-pie            Build httpd as a Position Independent Executable

072	--enable-modules=MODULE-LIST

073	Space-separated list of modules to enable | "all" |

074

"most"

075	--enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST

076	Space-separated list of shared modules to enable |

077	"all" | "most"

078	--disable-authn-file    file-based authentication control

079	--enable-authn-dbm      DBM-based authentication control

080	--enable-authn-anon     anonymous user authentication control

081	--enable-authn-dbd      SQL-based authentication control

082	--disable-authn-default authentication backstopper

083	--enable-authn-alias    auth provider alias

084	--disable-authz-host    host-based authorization control

085	--disable-authz-groupfile

086	'require group' authorization control

087	--disable-authz-user    'require user' authorization control

088	--enable-authz-dbm      DBM-based authorization control

089	--enable-authz-owner    'require file-owner' authorization control

090	--enable-authnz-ldap    LDAP based authentication

091	--disable-authz-default authorization control backstopper

092	--disable-auth-basic    basic authentication

093	--enable-auth-digest    RFC2617 Digest authentication

094	--enable-isapi          isapi extension support

095	--enable-file-cache     File cache

096	--enable-cache          dynamic file caching

097	--enable-disk-cache     disk caching module

098	--enable-mem-cache      memory caching module

099	--enable-dbd            Apache DBD Framework

100	--enable-bucketeer      buckets manipulation filter

101	--enable-dumpio         I/O dump filter

102	--enable-echo           ECHO server

103	--enable-example        example and demo module

104	--enable-case-filter    example uppercase conversion filter

105	--enable-case-filter-in example uppercase conversion input filter

106	--enable-reqtimeout     Limit time waiting for request from client

107	--enable-ext-filter     external filter module

108	--disable-include       Server Side Includes

109	--disable-filter        Smart Filtering

110	--enable-substitute     response content rewrite-like filtering

111	--disable-charset-lite  character set translation

112	--enable-charset-lite   character set translation

113	--enable-deflate        Deflate transfer encoding support

114	--enable-ldap           LDAP caching and connection pooling services

115	--disable-log-config    logging configuration

116	--enable-log-forensic   forensic logging

117	--enable-logio          input and output logging

118	--disable-env           clearing/setting of ENV vars

119	--enable-mime-magic     automagically determining MIME type

120	--enable-cern-meta      CERN-type meta files

121	--enable-expires        Expires header control

122	--enable-headers        HTTP header control

123	--enable-ident          RFC 1413 identity check

124	--enable-usertrack      user-session tracking

125	--enable-unique-id      per-request unique ids

126	--disable-setenvif      basing ENV vars on headers

127	--disable-version       determining httpd version in config files

128	--enable-proxy          Apache proxy module

129	--enable-proxy-connect  Apache proxy CONNECT module

130	--enable-proxy-ftp      Apache proxy FTP module

131	--enable-proxy-http     Apache proxy HTTP module

132	--enable-proxy-scgi     Apache proxy SCGI module

133	--enable-proxy-ajp      Apache proxy AJP module

134	--enable-proxy-balancer Apache proxy BALANCER module

135	--enable-ssl            SSL/TLS support (mod_ssl)

136	--enable-distcache      Select distcache support in mod_ssl

137	--enable-optional-hook-export

138	example optional hook exporter

139	--enable-optional-hook-import

140	example optional hook importer

141	--enable-optional-fn-import

142	example optional function importer

143	--enable-optional-fn-export

144	example optional function exporter

145	--enable-static-support Build a statically linked version of the support

146

binaries

147	--enable-static-htpasswd

148	Build a statically linked version of htpasswd

149	--enable-static-htdigest

150	Build a statically linked version of htdigest

151	--enable-static-rotatelogs

152	Build a statically linked version of rotatelogs

153	--enable-static-logresolve

154	Build a statically linked version of logresolve

155	--enable-static-htdbm   Build a statically linked version of htdbm

156	--enable-static-ab      Build a statically linked version of ab

157	--enable-static-checkgid

158	Build a statically linked version of checkgid

159	--enable-static-htcacheclean

160	Build a statically linked version of htcacheclean

161	--enable-static-httxt2dbm

162	Build a statically linked version of httxt2dbm

163	--enable-http           HTTP protocol handling

164	--disable-mime          mapping of file-extension to MIME

165	--enable-dav            WebDAV protocol handling

166	--disable-status        process/thread monitoring

167	--disable-autoindex     directory listing

168	--disable-asis          as-is filetypes

169	--enable-info           server information

170	--enable-suexec         set uid and gid for spawned processes

171	--disable-cgid          CGI scripts

172	--enable-cgi            CGI scripts

173	--disable-cgi           CGI scripts

174	--enable-cgid           CGI scripts

175	--enable-dav-fs         DAV provider for the filesystem

176	--enable-dav-lock       DAV provider for generic locking

177	--enable-vhost-alias    mass virtual hosting module

178	--disable-negotiation   content negotiation

179	--disable-dir           directory request handling

180	--enable-imagemap       server-side imagemaps

181	--disable-actions       Action triggering on requests

182	--enable-speling        correct common URL misspellings

183	--disable-userdir       mapping of requests to user-specific directories

184	--disable-alias         mapping of requests to different filesystem parts

185	--enable-rewrite        rule based URL manipulation

186	--enable-so             DSO capability

187

188	Optional Packages:

189	--with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]

190	--without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)

191	--with-included-apr     Use bundled copies of APR/APR-Util

192	--with-apr=PATH         prefix for installed APR or the full path to

193	apr-config

194	--with-apr-util=PATH    prefix for installed APU or the full path to

195	apu-config

196	--with-pcre=PATH        Use external PCRE library

197	--with-port=PORT        Port on which to listen (default is 80)

198	--with-sslport=SSLPORT  Port on which to securelisten (default is 443)

199	--with-z=DIR            use a specific zlib library

200	--with-sslc=DIR         RSA SSL-C SSL/TLS toolkit

201	--with-ssl=DIR          OpenSSL SSL/TLS toolkit

202	--with-mpm=MPM          Choose the process model for Apache to use.

203	MPM={beos|event|worker|prefork|mpmt_os2|winnt}

204	--with-module=module-type:module-file

205	Enable module-file in the modules/<module-type>

206	directory.

207	--with-program-name     alternate executable name

208	--with-suexec-bin       Path to suexec binary

209	--with-suexec-caller    User allowed to call SuExec

210	--with-suexec-userdir   User subdirectory

211	--with-suexec-docroot   SuExec root directory

212	--with-suexec-uidmin    Minimal allowed UID

213	--with-suexec-gidmin    Minimal allowed GID

214	--with-suexec-logfile   Set the logfile

215	--with-suexec-safepath  Set the safepath

216	--with-suexec-umask     umask for suexec'd process

217

218	Some influential environment variables:

219	CC          C compiler command

220	CFLAGS      C compiler flags

221	LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a

222	nonstandard directory <lib dir>

223	LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>

224	CPPFLAGS    C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if

225	you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>

226	CPP         C preprocessor

227

228	Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help

229	it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

230

231	Report bugs to the package provider.

232	[root@localhost httpd-2.2.22]#