Win32汇编语言程序（3）

 六、资源在Win32汇编语言程序中的使用

资源在Win32应用程序中是很重要的，笔者编写了一个使用资源的C语言程序，该程序实现了菜单和一个“About”对话框，程序如下：
源程序（GENERIC.C）：

#include 
#include "resource.h"

static HINSTANCE hInst;
static char szWindowClass[]="GENERIC";

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM 
lParam);
BOOL CALLBACK AboutDlgProc(HWND hDlg,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM 
lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR 
lpCmdLine,int nShowCmd)
{
WNDCLASSEXA wcex;
HWND hWnd;
MSG msg;
hInst=hInstance;
if(!hPrevInstance)
{
  wcex.cbSize=sizeof(WNDCLASSEXA);
  wcex.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
  wcex.cbClsExtra=0;
  wcex.cbWndExtra=0;
  wcex.lpfnWndProc=WndProc;
  wcex.hInstance=hInstance;
  wcex.hIcon=LoadIconA(hInstance,IDI_APPLICATION);
  wcex.hCursor=LoadCursorA(0,IDC_ARROW);
  wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
  wcex.lpszMenuName=MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAINMENU);
  wcex.lpszClassName=szWindowClass;
  wcex.hIconSm=LoadIconA(hInstance,IDI_APPLICATION);
  if(!RegisterClassExA(&wcex)) return FALSE;
}
hWnd=CreateWindowExA(0,szWindowClass,"Generic",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
       CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
       0,0,hInstance,NULL);
if(!hWnd) return FALSE;
ShowWindow(hWnd,nShowCmd);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
while(GetMessageA(&msg,0,0,0))
{
  TranslateMessage(&msg);
  DispatchMessageA(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM 
lParam)
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
switch(message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
  switch(LOWORD(wParam))
  {
  case IDM_EXIT:
   SendMessageA(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0);
   return 0;
  case IDM_ABOUT:
   DialogBoxParamA(hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUT),
hWnd,(DLGPROC)AboutDlgProc,0);
   return 0;
  default:
   return DefWindowProcA(hWnd,message,wParam,lParam)
;
  }
case WM_PAINT:
  hDC=BeginPaint(hWnd,&ps);
  EndPaint(hWnd,&ps);
  return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
  PostQuitMessage(0);
  return 0;
default:
  return DefWindowProcA(hWnd,message,wParam,lParam);
}
return -1;
}

BOOL CALLBACK AboutDlgProc(HWND hDlg,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM 
lParam)
{
switch(message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
  return TRUE;
case WM_COMMAND:
  if((LOWORD(wParam)==IDOK)||(LOWORD(wParam)==IDCANCEL))
  {
   EndDialog(hDlg,LOWORD(wParam));
   return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
default:
  return FALSE;
}
}

资源源文件（GENERIC.RC，使用Visual C++ 6.0建立）：

//Microsoft Developer Studio generated resource script.
//
#include "resource.h"

#define APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS

/
//
// Generated from the TEXTINCLUDE 2 resource.
//
#include "afxres.h"


/
#undef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS


/
// Chinese (P.R.C.) resources

#if !defined(AFX_RESOURCE_DLL) || defined(AFX_TARG_CHS)
#ifdef _WIN32
LANGUAGE LANG_CHINESE, SUBLANG_CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED
#pragma code_page(936)
#endif //_WIN32


/
//
// Menu
//

IDR_MAINMENU MENU DISCARDABLE 
BEGIN
    POPUP "&File"
    BEGIN
        MENUITEM "&Exit",                       IDM_EXIT
    END
    POPUP "&Help"
    BEGIN
        MENUITEM "&About...",                   IDM_ABOUT
    END
END


#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED

/
//
// TEXTINCLUDE
//

1 TEXTINCLUDE DISCARDABLE 
BEGIN
    "resource.h\0"
END

2 TEXTINCLUDE DISCARDABLE 
BEGIN
    "#include ""afxres.h""\r\n"
    "\0"
END

3 TEXTINCLUDE DISCARDABLE 
BEGIN
    "\r\n"
    "\0"
END

#endif    // APSTUDIO_INVOKED



/
//
// Dialog
//

IDD_ABOUT DIALOG DISCARDABLE  0, 0, 92, 65
STYLE DS_MODALFRAME | DS_CENTER | WS_POPUP | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU
CAPTION "About"
FONT 9, "宋体"
BEGIN
    LTEXT           "Generic V1.0",IDC_STATIC1,20,10,50,10
    DEFPUSHBUTTON   "OK",IDOK,20,40,50,15
END



/
//
// DESIGNINFO
//

#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
GUIDELINES DESIGNINFO DISCARDABLE 
BEGIN
    IDD_ABOUT, DIALOG
    BEGIN
        LEFTMARGIN, 7
        RIGHTMARGIN, 85
        TOPMARGIN, 7
        BOTTOMMARGIN, 58
    END
END
#endif    // APSTUDIO_INVOKED

#endif    // Chinese (P.R.C.) resources

/



#ifndef APSTUDIO_INVOKED

/
//
// Generated from the TEXTINCLUDE 3 resource.
//



/
#endif    // not APSTUDIO_INVOKED


资源头文件（RESOURCE.H，Visual C++ 6.0自动建立）：

//{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
// Microsoft Developer Studio generated include file.
// Used by GENERIC.rc
//
#define IDR_MAINMENU                    101
#define IDD_ABOUT                       102
#define IDC_STATIC1                     1000
#define IDM_EXIT                        40001
#define IDM_ABOUT                       40002

// Next default values for new objects
// 
#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
#ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
#define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE        103
#define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE         40003
#define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE         1001
#define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE           101
#endif
#endif

本程序与一般Win32编程资料中的GENERIC程序基本相同，只是只使用ANSI字符集。
现在笔者用Win32汇编语言程序实现本程序的功能，程序如下：
包含文件（GENERIC.INC）：

UINT  TYPEDEF  DWORD
LONG  TYPEDEF  DWORD
LPSTR  TYPEDEF  PTR BYTE
LPCSTR  TYPEDEF  LPSTR
PVOID  TYPEDEF  PTR
LPVOID  TYPEDEF  PVOID
HANDLE  TYPEDEF  PVOID
HINSTANCE TYPEDEF  HANDLE
HWND  TYPEDEF  HANDLE
HMENU  TYPEDEF  HANDLE
HDC  TYPEDEF  HANDLE
HGDIOBJ  TYPEDEF  HANDLE
HICON  TYPEDEF  HANDLE
HCURSOR  TYPEDEF  HANDLE
HBRUSH  TYPEDEF  HANDLE

tagWNDCLASSEXA STRUCT
cbSize  UINT  ?
style  UINT  ?
lpfnWndProc DWORD  ?
cbClsExtra DWORD  ?
cbWndExtra DWORD  ?
hInstance DWORD  ?
hIcon  DWORD  ?
hCursor  DWORD  ?
hbrBackground DWORD  ?
lpszMenuName DWORD  ?
lpszClassName DWORD  ?
hIconSm  DWORD  ?
tagWNDCLASSEXA ENDS

WNDCLASSEXA TYPEDEF  tagWNDCLASSEXA

tagPOINT STRUCT
x  LONG  ?
y  LONG  ?
tagPOINT ENDS

POINT  TYPEDEF  tagPOINT

tagMSG  STRUCT
message  UINT  ?
wParam  DWORD  ?
lParam  DWORD  ?
time  DWORD  ?
pt  POINT  <>
tagMSG  ENDS

MSG  TYPEDEF  tagMSG
LPMSG  TYPEDEF  PTR MSG

tagRECT  STRUCT
left  LONG  ?
top  LONG  ?
right  LONG  ?
bottom  LONG  ?
tagRECT  ENDS

RECT  TYPEDEF  tagRECT

tagPAINTSTRUCT STRUCT
hdc  DWORD  ?
fErase  DWORD  ?
rcPaint  RECT  <>
fRestore DWORD  ?
fIncUpdate DWORD  ?
rgbReserved BYTE  32 DUP(?)
tagPAINTSTRUCT ENDS

PAINTSTRUCT TYPEDEF  tagPAINTSTRUCT
LPPAINTSTRUCT TYPEDEF  PTR PAINTSTRUCT

NULL   =  0

TRUE   =  0ffffffffh
FALSE   =  0

SW_SHOWDEFAULT  =  10

CS_HREDRAW  =  0002h
CS_VREDRAW  =  0001h

IDI_APPLICATION  =  32512
IDC_ARROW  =  32512

COLOR_WINDOW  =  5

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW =  00cf0000h

CW_USEDEFAULT  =  80000000h

WM_COMMAND  =  0111h
WM_CLOSE  =  0010h
WM_PAINT  =  000fh
WM_DESTROY  =  0002h
WM_INITDIALOG  =  0110h

IDOK   =  1
IDCANCEL  =  2

GetModuleHandleA PROTO stdcall, :LPCSTR
GetCommandLineA  PROTO stdcall
ExitProcess  PROTO stdcall, :UINT
LoadIconA  PROTO stdcall, :HINSTANCE,:LPCSTR
LoadCursorA  PROTO stdcall, :HINSTANCE,:LPCSTR
RegisterClassExA PROTO stdcall, :PTR WNDCLASSEXA
CreateWindowExA  PROTO stdcall, :DWORD,:LPCSTR,:LPCSTR,:DWORD,:
DWORD,:DWORD,:DWORD,:DWORD,:HWND,:HMENU,:HINSTANCE,:LPVOID
ShowWindow  PROTO stdcall, :HWND,:DWORD
UpdateWindow  PROTO stdcall, :HWND
GetMessageA  PROTO stdcall, :LPMSG,:HWND,:UINT,:UINT
TranslateMessage PROTO stdcall, :PTR MSG
DispatchMessageA PROTO stdcall, :PTR MSG
SendMessageA  PROTO stdcall, :HWND,:UINT,:DWORD,:DWORD
DialogBoxParamA  PROTO stdcall, :HINSTANCE,:LPCSTR,:HWND,:DWORD,:
DWORD
BeginPaint  PROTO stdcall, :HWND,:LPPAINTSTRUCT
EndPaint  PROTO stdcall, :HWND,:PTR PAINTSTRUCT
PostQuitMessage  PROTO stdcall, :DWORD
DefWindowProcA  PROTO stdcall, :HWND,:UINT,:DWORD,:DWORD
EndDialog  PROTO stdcall, :HWND,:DWORD

资源包含文件（RESOURCE.INC）：

IDR_MAINMENU  =  101
IDD_ABOUT  =  102
IDC_STATIC1  =  1000
IDM_EXIT  =  40001
IDM_ABOUT  =  40002

源程序（GENERIC.ASM）：

.386p

.MODEL flat,stdcall

INCLUDE GENERIC.INC
INCLUDE RESOURCE.INC

WinMain   PROTO stdcall, :HINSTANCE,:HINSTANCE,:LPSTR,:
DWORD

.STACK 4096

.DATA
WindowClass BYTE  'GENERIC',0
WindowTitle BYTE  'Generic',0
hInst1  HINSTANCE 0
lpCmdLine1 LPSTR  0

.CODE

_start:
INVOKE GetModuleHandleA,NULL
mov hInst1,eax
INVOKE GetCommandLineA
mov lpCmdLine1,eax
INVOKE WinMain,hInst1,NULL,lpCmdLine1,SW_SHOWDEFAULT
INVOKE ExitProcess,eax  

WinMain PROC hInst:HINSTANCE,hPrevInst:HINSTANCE,lpCmdLine:LPSTR,
nShowCmd:DWORD
LOCAL wcex:WNDCLASSEXA
LOCAL hWnd:HWND
LOCAL msg:MSG
.IF !hPrevInst
  mov wcex.cbSize,SIZEOF WNDCLASSEXA
  mov wcex.style,CS_HREDRAW or CS_VREDRAW
  mov wcex.cbClsExtra,0
  mov wcex.cbWndExtra,0
  mov wcex.lpfnWndProc,OFFSET WndProc
  mov eax,hInst
  mov wcex.hInstance,eax
  INVOKE LoadIconA,hInst,IDI_APPLICATION
  mov wcex.hIcon,eax
  INVOKE LoadCursorA,0,IDC_ARROW
  mov wcex.hCursor,eax
  mov wcex.hbrBackground,COLOR_WINDOW+1
  mov wcex.lpszMenuName,IDR_MAINMENU and 0000ffffh
  mov wcex.lpszClassName,OFFSET WindowClass
  INVOKE LoadIconA,hInst,IDI_APPLICATION
  mov wcex.hIconSm,eax
  INVOKE RegisterClassExA,ADDR wcex
  .IF !eax
   mov eax,FALSE
   ret
  .ENDIF
.ENDIF
INVOKE CreateWindowExA,0,ADDR WindowClass,ADDR WindowTitle,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,0,0,hInst,NULL
mov hWnd,eax
.IF !eax
  mov eax,FALSE
  ret
.ENDIF
INVOKE ShowWindow,hWnd,nShowCmd
INVOKE UpdateWindow,hWnd
.WHILE TRUE
  INVOKE GetMessageA,ADDR msg,0,0,0
  .BREAK .IF !eax
  INVOKE TranslateMessage,ADDR msg
  INVOKE DispatchMessageA,ADDR msg
.ENDW
mov eax,msg.wParam
ret
WinMain ENDP

WndProc PROC hWnd:HWND,message:UINT,wParam:DWORD,lParam:DWORD
LOCAL hDC:HDC
LOCAL ps:PAINTSTRUCT
.IF message==WM_COMMAND
  mov eax,wParam
  .IF ax==IDM_EXIT
   INVOKE SendMessageA,hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0
   mov eax,0
   ret
  .ELSEIF ax==IDM_ABOUT
   mov ebx,OFFSET AboutDlgProc
   INVOKE DialogBoxParamA,hInst1,IDD_ABOUT and 
0000ffffh,hWnd,ebx,0
   mov eax,0
   ret
  .ELSE
   INVOKE DefWindowProcA,hWnd,message,wParam,
lParam
   ret
  .ENDIF
.ELSEIF message==WM_PAINT
  INVOKE BeginPaint,hWnd,ADDR ps
  mov hDC,eax
  INVOKE EndPaint,hWnd,ADDR ps
  mov eax,0
  ret
.ELSEIF message==WM_DESTROY
  INVOKE PostQuitMessage,0
  mov eax,0
  ret
.ELSE
  INVOKE DefWindowProcA,hWnd,message,wParam,lParam
  ret
.ENDIF
mov eax,0ffffffffh
ret
WndProc ENDP

AboutDlgProc PROC hDlg:HWND,message:UINT,wParam:DWORD,lParam:DWORD
.IF message==WM_INITDIALOG
  mov eax,TRUE
  ret
.ELSEIF message==WM_COMMAND
  mov eax,wParam
  .IF (ax==IDOK)||(ax==IDCANCEL)
   INVOKE EndDialog,hDlg,ax
   mov eax,TRUE
   ret
  .ENDIF
  mov eax,FALSE
  ret
.ELSE
  mov eax,FALSE
  ret
.ENDIF
mov eax,FALSE
ret
AboutDlgProc ENDP

PUBLIC _start

END

汇编连接本程序的命令如下：

ml /c /coff /Cp generic.asm
rc generic.rc
link /subsystem:windows /entry:_start generic.obj generic.res kernel32.
lib user32.lib gdi32.lib

运行汇编连接后生成的GENERIC.EXE文件，屏幕上将显示出一个带有菜单的窗口，窗口的标题是“Generic”，菜单有两个主菜单项，分别是“File”和“Help”，选择“File”菜单项下的“Exit”菜单项可以退出程序，选择“Help”菜单项下的“About”菜单项可以显示“About”对话框。本程序与SIMPLE.C程序很相似，Win32汇编语言程序中使用资源的方法也与C语言程序没有很大的差别，都可以用资源编辑工具生成资源源文件和资源头文件，然后使用资源编译器编译资源源文件，将生成的资源文件（RES文件）与汇编器生成的目标文件和引入库文件连接在一起就可以了（资源头文件需要移植到汇编语言上，建立一个资源包含文件）。
C语言程序中的MAKEINTRESOURCE宏的实质是将资源标识符数值的高位字（不用）清零，然后强行转换成字符指针，Win32汇编语言程序中可以将资源标识符数值与0000FFFFH作AND运算。

七、控制台Win32汇编语言程序

学习过Win32SDK编程的读者一定知道控制台Win32应用程序，控制台Win32应用程序运行在控制台（MS-DOS窗口）下，与DOS下的C语言程序十分相似，程序入口点是main函数，使用标准C语言I／O函数进行I／O，也可以调用API。实际上控制台Win32应用程序与普通Win32应用程序没有本质上的区别，标准C语言I／O函数实际上还是调用了API，在控制台上进行I／O。控制台Win32汇编语言程序与C语言程序有一定的差别，需要获取控制台I／O句柄，然后使用控制台I／O句柄进行I／O（与文件句柄I／O相似），笔者以MASM 6.11中自带的控制台Win32汇编语言程序实例（HELLO.ASM）为例，程序如下：

.386
.MODEL flat, stdcall

STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE EQU -11

GetStdHandle PROTO NEAR32 stdcall,
    nStdHandle:DWORD

WriteFile PROTO NEAR32 stdcall,
    hFile:DWORD, lpBuffer:NEAR32, nNumberOfBytesToWrite:DWORD,
    lpNumberOfBytesWritten:NEAR32, lpOverlapped:NEAR32

ExitProcess PROTO NEAR32 stdcall,
    dwExitCode:DWORD

.STACK 4096

.DATA

msg DB "Hello, world.", 13, 10
written DD 0
hStdOut DD 0

.CODE
_start:
    INVOKE  GetStdHandle,
        STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE      ; Standard output handle
    mov hStdOut, eax

    INVOKE  WriteFile,
        hStdOut,               ; File handle for screen
        NEAR32 PTR msg,        ; Address of string
        LENGTHOF msg,          ; Length of string
        NEAR32 PTR written,    ; Bytes written
        0                      ; Overlapped mode

    INVOKE  ExitProcess,
        0                      ; Result code for parent process

PUBLIC _start
END

汇编连接本程序的命令如下：

ml /c /coff /Cp hello.asm
link /subsystem:console /entry:_start hello.obj kernel32.lib

连接命令中/subsystem:console选项表示连接器生成控制台Win32应用程序。在MS-DOS窗口（控制台）下运行汇编连接后生成的HELLO.EXE文件，将会像MS-DOS程序一样显示出“Hello, world.”字符串。本程序调用了GetStdHandle函数获取标准控制台输出设备句柄，然后调用WriteFile函数向标准控制台输出设备句柄写字符串，完成控制台字符串输出，最后调用了ExitProcess函数终止程序的执行。

八、结束语

本教程读者阅读到这里，可能会莞尔一笑，原来Win32汇编语言也不过就是这么回事呀，确实，MASM 6.0以上版本的汇编器提供的结构化汇编语言伪指令大大简化了Win32汇编语言编程。汇编语言确实比较复杂，但是Win32汇编语言对某些特殊方面有高级语言不可比拟的优点，如果你正在想编程清除Win32病毒（例如CIH病毒），或者你正在编写对速度要求较高的程序（例如大量计算的程序），不妨试试Win32汇编语言——或许正能够解决你的燃眉之急。本教程还简单介绍了Win32应用程序的执行机制，相信会对你探索Win32深层有一定的帮助。