C语言 __builtin_expect 作用

用于优化代码执行效率，提高预读指令的命中率，避开跳转指令影响！

推荐 : https://my.oschina.net/moooofly/blog/175019

//g.c
// !!(x) 强制转成 bool型
#define LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
#define UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
 
int test_likely(int x)
{
    if(LIKELY(x))
    {
        x = 5;
    }
    else
    {
        x = 6;
    }
 
    return x;
}
 
int test_unlikely(int x)
{
    if(UNLIKELY(x))
    {
        x = 5;
    }
    else
    {
        x = 6;
    }
 
    return x;
}

int test(int x)
{
    if((x))
    {
        x = 5;
    }
    else
    {
        x = 6;
    }
 
    return x;
}


//user:~$ gcc -fprofile-arcs -O2 -c g.c
//user:~$ objdump -d g.o

g.o:     file format elf64-x86-64


Disassembly of section .text:

0000000000000000 <test_likely>:
   0:   48 83 05 00 00 00 00    addq   $0x1,0x0(%rip)        # 8 <test_likely+0x8>
   7:   01 
   8:   85 ff                   test   %edi,%edi
   a:   b8 05 00 00 00          mov    $0x5,%eax
   f:   74 07                   je     18 <test_likely+0x18>
  11:   f3 c3                   repz retq 
  13:   0f 1f 44 00 00          nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
  18:   48 83 05 00 00 00 00    addq   $0x1,0x0(%rip)        # 20 <test_likely+0x20>
  1f:   01 
  20:   b8 06 00 00 00          mov    $0x6,%eax
  25:   c3                      retq   
  26:   66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00    nopw   %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
  2d:   00 00 00 

0000000000000030 <test_unlikely>:
  30:   48 83 05 00 00 00 00    addq   $0x1,0x0(%rip)        # 38 <test_unlikely+0x8>
  37:   01 
  38:   85 ff                   test   %edi,%edi
  3a:   75 14                   jne    50 <test_unlikely+0x20>
  3c:   48 83 05 00 00 00 00    addq   $0x1,0x0(%rip)        # 44 <test_unlikely+0x14>
  43:   01 
  44:   b8 06 00 00 00          mov    $0x6,%eax
  49:   c3                      retq   
  4a:   66 0f 1f 44 00 00       nopw   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
  50:   b8 05 00 00 00          mov    $0x5,%eax
  55:   c3                      retq   
  56:   66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00    nopw   %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
  5d:   00 00 00 

0000000000000060 <test>:
  60:   48 83 05 00 00 00 00    addq   $0x1,0x0(%rip)        # 68 <test+0x8>
  67:   01 
  68:   85 ff                   test   %edi,%edi
  6a:   b8 05 00 00 00          mov    $0x5,%eax
  6f:   75 0d                   jne    7e <test+0x1e>
  71:   48 83 05 00 00 00 00    addq   $0x1,0x0(%rip)        # 79 <test+0x19>
  78:   01 
  79:   b8 06 00 00 00          mov    $0x6,%eax
  7e:   f3 c3                   repz retq 

Disassembly of section .text.startup:

0000000000000000 <_GLOBAL__sub_I_65535_0_test_likely>:
   0:   bf 00 00 00 00          mov    $0x0,%edi
   5:   e9 00 00 00 00          jmpq   a <_GLOBAL__sub_I_65535_0_test_likely+0xa>

参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/grublinux/article/details/37543489
https://blog.csdn.net/u013139008/article/details/83384384