在实际工作中,需要对shell脚本进行正确性测试。
如何用最快最有效的方式进行测试?
很多开发的习惯是,二话不说,写完/拿到,就跑一把,看看输入,输出,想要的操作是否完成,也就过了。
其实这是十分不严谨的,若是未经过QA,风险还是相当大的。
以下即shell脚本测试流程,仅供参考
1.代码走读:
写完,或者拿到一个shell脚本,不必急于运行,虽然实践是检验整理的唯一标准,但是,在读代码这个过程中,可以规避很多低级的bug.
读什么?
A.代码逻辑,这个脚本用来做什么,主要分为多少步,分别做了什么事情?
用于检查是否有遗漏逻辑,或有悖于需求。
B.具体语法,变量,判断语句
语法方面的东西,变量是否定义,判断语句逻辑是否正确,是否考虑各种异常,错误是否退出,返回正确状态值等。
2.语法检测:
shell的语法还是相当让人无语的,很多很容易疏忽遗漏的地方
命令格式: sh -n ***.sh
若是没有异常输出,证明脚本没有明显的语法问题。
3.运行跟踪:
实践是检验整理的唯一标准,跑一把。
不过,可不是直接运行然后去看最终结果,这样会遗漏掉很多中间过程。
命令格式: sh -vx ***.sh
得到效果如下:
我们可以看到
每行代码原始命令(无+的):[这是-v的效果]
代码执行时的情况(带+),包括运算结果,逻辑判断结果,变量赋值等等[-x的效果]
而我们所要关注的就是这些信息,主要是变量值和逻辑判断结果。
4.覆盖分支:
直接跑,只能覆盖到主体流程,对于其他控制流分支的代码是无法覆盖到的。
对于关键性的,重点的逻辑,我们需要制造条件,使运行脚本可以进入对应分支
5.其他:
A.关于bashdb:
可以尝试下,但是感觉投入产出比不高
B.关于单元测试:
实际工作中,由于项目压力比较大,单元测试的成本还是相当高的,所以目前为止没有。
6.有没有更好的方式?
好吧,单步跟踪,脚本短的还好,日志信息不会太多,要是多了,存在调用其他脚本等等.....
日志量达到几千行,这是很轻易的事情。
跟踪过的童鞋有同感,展现不够友好,惨白惨白一片,一千行下来,看的眼花。
很容易遗漏。
So.进行了一层优化,对日志进行处理,使用正则,标注我关心的信息
效果图对比:
处理后:(对错误,关键信息进行颜色标记,在linux终端可以显示)
脚本是用python实现的,位置:https://github.com/wklken/pytools/tree/master/shell
思想是:执行,抓到所有日志,用正则进行匹配,打上颜色,然后输出。
代码如下:
#!/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#@Author: wklken
#@Mail: wklken@yeah.net ,lingyue.wkl@taobao.com
#@Date: 20120706
#@Version: 0.1 sh -n, check for static syntax
# 0.2 sh -vx, color the output log which i care about
# 0.2.1 rebuild all functions , lines 200+ -> 120
# 0.2.2 refine the re pattern.
# 0.2.3 add sh params support. fix bug and add re patterns
# 0.2.5 add warn/error pattern and collect the result
# 0.2.6 use decorator to refine print, refine collect method
#@Desc: Quick test shell script.The target is hacking into it and get all the status i need.
#TODO: need to keep source code in 200 lines! refine!
import sys,os
import commands
import re
#color defined
COLOR_NONE = "C_NONE"
COLOR_GREEN = "C_G"
COLOR_RED = "C_R"
COLOR_YELLOW = "C_Y"
COLOR_PURPLE = "C_P"
COLOR_BLUE = "C_B"
COLOR_MAP = {COLOR_NONE : "\033[m",
COLOR_GREEN : "\033[01;32m",
COLOR_RED : "\033[01;31m",
COLOR_YELLOW : "\033[01;33m",
COLOR_PURPLE : "\033[01;35m",
COLOR_BLUE : "\033[01;34m",
None:"\033[m" }
#the command used defined
SH_N = "sh -n "
SH_X = "sh -vx "
LOG_BEGIN = "export PS4='+${BASH_SOURCE}|${LINENO}|${FUNCNAME[0]} -> ';"
LOG_BEGIN = ""
#the type of output log line
LINE_TYPE_CMD = "CMD"
LINE_TYPE_EXC = "EXC"
LINE_TYPE_CMT = "CMT"
CMD_Y = COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_YELLOW) + "CMD: " + COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_NONE)
#----------pattern used to match begin -----------------------------
#0. special
PATTERN_ADDSIGN = re.compile("(^\++)")
#1. execute command log match pattern
exc_mark_pattern = [(r"([\[\]])", COLOR_YELLOW), #for condition testing must be the first one
(r"(([12]\d{3})(1[12]|0[1-9])(0[1-9]|1\d|2\d|3[01]))",COLOR_PURPLE), #date yyyyMMDD
(r"(tbsc-dev)", COLOR_RED), # path: tbsc-dev
(r"([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*=[\s|\"\"]*)$",COLOR_RED), # params=None
(r"(exit\s+-?\d*|return\s+-?\d*)",COLOR_BLUE), #exit status
(r"(\s(\-[acbdefgnorsuwxzL]|\-(lt|le|gt|ge|eq|ne))\s)", COLOR_YELLOW),
(r"((\s(=|==|<=|>=|\+=|<|>|'!='|\&\&)\s)|'!')", COLOR_YELLOW),
(r"(\s(\-input|\-output|\-i|\-o)\s)", COLOR_YELLOW),
]
EXC_MARK_PATTERN = [(re.compile(s),color) for s,color in exc_mark_pattern]
#2. error/warn result log match pattern
# 100% error
error_mark_pattern = [(r"(No such file or directory|command not found|unknown option|invalid option)",COLOR_RED), #result -> file not found
(r"(unary operator expected)",COLOR_RED), # test failed
(r"(Permission denied)",COLOR_RED),
(r"(syntax error|unexpected|read error)",COLOR_RED),
(r"(java.io.FileNotFoundException|org.apache.hadoop.mapred.InvalidInputException|java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException)", COLOR_RED),#javaerror
]
ERROR_MARK_PATTERN = [(re.compile(s),color) for s,color in error_mark_pattern]
# may be not error ,just warn,notice
warn_mark_pattern = []
WARN_MARK_PATTERN = [(re.compile(s),color) for s,color in warn_mark_pattern]
#3. command log match pattern
cmd_mark_pattern = error_mark_pattern + warn_mark_pattern + \
[
(r"(line \d+)", COLOR_RED), #error report the line No
(r"(\$(\{\w+\}))", COLOR_PURPLE),
(r"(\.\.)",COLOR_PURPLE), #相对路径
(r"((?<!-)\b(\w+)\b=)", COLOR_YELLOW),
(r"(\$(\w+))", COLOR_PURPLE), #变量名
(r"(\w+\.sh\s*)", COLOR_GREEN), #*.sh
(r"(`)", COLOR_GREEN), # ``
(r"(\s?\w+\s*\(\))", COLOR_GREEN), #function()
(r"(\{\s*$|^\}\s*$)", COLOR_GREEN), # function {}
(r"(^export\s|^source\s)", COLOR_YELLOW),
(r"(\|)", COLOR_GREEN),
(r"(<<|>>|<|>)", COLOR_YELLOW),
]
CMD_MARK_PATTERN = [(re.compile(s),color) for s,color in cmd_mark_pattern]
#----------pattern used to match end -----------------------------
#static params defined
error_lines = []
#functions begin
def str_coloring(str_info, color=COLOR_NONE):
"""color str"""
return COLOR_MAP.get(color, COLOR_MAP.get(None)) + str_info + COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_NONE)
def print_symbol(str_info):
"""print the symbol"""
print "-"*20 + str_info + "-"*20
def wrap_print_func(arg):
"""wrap func, print begin and end sign"""
def newfunc(func):
def newfunc_withparams(*args, **kwargs):
print_symbol(arg+" BEGIN")
func(*args, **kwargs)
print_symbol(arg+" END")
return newfunc_withparams
return newfunc
@wrap_print_func("STATIC SYNTAX")
def static_syntax_check(file_path):
"""Check the static syntax"""
cmd = SH_N + file_path
result = commands.getoutput(cmd)
if result:
print "script syntax check:"+str_coloring(" FAILED", COLOR_RED)
print str_coloring(result,COLOR_RED)
else:
print "script syntax check:"+str_coloring(" PASS", COLOR_GREEN)
def pre_handler(result):
"""pre handle the result lines """
pass
@wrap_print_func("PROCESS LOG CHECK")
def dynamic_log_process(file_path, params):
"""Process the log of sh script"""
cmd = LOG_BEGIN + SH_X + file_path + " " + params
result = commands.getoutput(cmd)
pre_handler(result)
process_line(result)
def cmd_type(line):
"""return the type of line,and can do something with it"""
if line.startswith("+"):
return LINE_TYPE_EXC,line
elif line.lstrip().startswith("#"):
return LINE_TYPE_CMT,line
else:
#return LINE_TYPE_CMD, CMD_Y + line
return LINE_TYPE_CMD,line
def mark_sign_by_pattern(line, line_type=LINE_TYPE_EXC):
"""mark the str by pattern"""
#can't use in py2.4,ni mei a
#use_pattern = EXC_MARK_PATTERN if line_type == LINE_TYPE_EXC else CMD_MARK_PATTERN
if line_type == LINE_TYPE_EXC:
use_pattern = EXC_MARK_PATTERN
else:
use_pattern = CMD_MARK_PATTERN
native_line = line
for pt,color in use_pattern:
m = pt.findall(line)
if m:
line = pt.sub( COLOR_MAP.get(color)+r"\1"+COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_NONE), line)
for pt,color in ERROR_MARK_PATTERN:
e = pt.findall(native_line)
if e:
error_lines.append(line)
return line
def process_line(result):
"""format each line.With the pattern"""
lines = result.split("\n")
for line in lines:
line_type, line = cmd_type(line)
if line_type == LINE_TYPE_EXC:
result = mark_sign_by_pattern(line, line_type)
print PATTERN_ADDSIGN.sub(COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_GREEN)+r"\1"+COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_NONE),result)
elif line_type == LINE_TYPE_CMD:
print mark_sign_by_pattern(line, line_type)
elif line_type == LINE_TYPE_CMT:
print line
@wrap_print_func("RESULT COLLECT")
def warn_error_collect(collect_list, collect_type="ERROR"):
print str_coloring("RESULT TYPE: " + collect_type, COLOR_GREEN)
if len(collect_list):
print str_coloring(collect_type+" FOUND: ", COLOR_RED) + str_coloring(str(len(collect_list)), COLOR_YELLOW)
for line in collect_list:
print line
else:
print str_coloring("NO " + collect_type + " FOUND", COLOR_GREEN)
args = sys.argv[1:]
sh_name = args[0]
params = " ".join(args[1:])
static_syntax_check(sh_name)
dynamic_log_process(sh_name, params)
warn_error_collect(error_lines, "ERROR")