CentOS6.x下二进制安装mysql 5.6

MySQL的安装分为三种：1、RPM包安装；2、二进制包安装；3、源码安装。 
第一种方式比较简单，直接RPM包安装就OK了，或者通过yum源来安装，而第三种方式比较复杂。
一般项目中使用比较多的是通过二进制包来安装，这种安装方式可以根据企业的不同需求进行相关的自定义配置，比如安装在哪个目录，如何配置等。
现在具体介绍一下Mysql的二进制安装方式
 
1：查看系统版本
[root@CentOS ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
 
2：添加用户和组
[root@CentOS mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@CentOS mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql -s /sbin/nologin
 
3：安装mysql到/usr/local/mysql下
[root@CentOS ~]# cd /tmp
[root@CentOS tmp]# ll mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 304056226 11月 17 04:12 mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz
[root@CentOS tmp]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@CentOS tmp]# cd /usr/local/
[root@CentOS local]# mv mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686/ mysql
[root@CentOS local]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/
[root@CentOS mysql]# mkdir /mydata
[root@CentOS mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata
 
4：初始化Mysql
[root@CentOS /]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@CentOS mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mydata
[root@CentOS mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql *
 
5：修改Mysql主配置文件
[root@CentOS mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@CentOS mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf  ##注：如果/etc/my.cnf文件存在，则覆盖。
[root@CentOS mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password        = 123456
port            = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
 
[mysqld]
datadir = /mydata
port            = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=1000
 
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
 
6：为mysql提供服务脚本
[root@CentOS mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@CentOS mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
 
7：添加开启自启
[root@CentOS init.d]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@CentOS init.d]# chkconfig mysqld on
 
8：启动Mysql
[root@CentOS init.d]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL...                                          [确定]
[root@CentOS init.d]# service mysqld status
MySQL running (2068)                                       [确定]
 
9：添加环境变量
[root@CentOS bin]# vi /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
export PATH
或
[root@CentOS init.d]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
 
10：登录Mysql，修改密码，删除空用户（密码为空）
[root@CentOS init.d]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+----------+
| user | host      | password |
+------+-----------+----------+
| root | localhost |          |
| root | centos    |          |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |          |
| root | ::1       |          |
|      | localhost |          |
|      | centos    |          |
+------+-----------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> update mysql.user set password = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | centos    | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | ::1       | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
|      | localhost |                                           |
|      | centos    |                                           |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> drop user ''@localhost;
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | centos    | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | ::1       | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
|      | centos    |                                           |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
 
mysql> use mysql
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | %         | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | centos    | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | ::1       | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
|      | centos    |                                           |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;