初识Spring

我们将从如下程序演进中初识Spring。

１、简单的消息取得、消息显示程序原型

消息取得接口：

MessageSupplier.java

package tutorial.spring;

public interface MessageSupplier {
	
	String getMessage();
}

 

实现类：

package tutorial.spring.impl;

import tutorial.spring.MessageSupplier;

public class HelloWorldMessageSupplier implements MessageSupplier {

	public String getMessage() {

		return "Hello World";
	}

}

消息显示接口：

 

package tutorial.spring;

public interface MessageDisplayer {

	void setMessageSupplier(MessageSupplier supplier);
	MessageSupplier getMessageSupplier();
	
	void display();
}

 

实现类：

package tutorial.spring.impl;

import tutorial.spring.MessageDisplayer;
import tutorial.spring.MessageSupplier;

public class ConcreteMessageDisplayer implements MessageDisplayer {

	private MessageSupplier messageSupplier = null;
	
	public void display() {
		if(messageSupplier == null) {
			throw new RuntimeException(
					"必须设定messageSupplier属性: "+
						ConcreteMessageDisplayer.class.getName());
		}
		System.out.println(messageSupplier.getMessage());
	}

	public MessageSupplier getMessageSupplier() {
		return messageSupplier;
	}

	public void setMessageSupplier(MessageSupplier supplier) {
		this.messageSupplier = supplier;
	}
}

主程序：

 

package tutorial.spring;

import tutorial.spring.impl.ConcreteMessageDisplayer;
import tutorial.spring.impl.HelloWorldMessageSupplier;

public class HelloWorldBetterUsage {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MessageDisplayer msgDisplayer = new ConcreteMessageDisplayer();
		MessageSupplier msgSupplier = new HelloWorldMessageSupplier();
		msgDisplayer.setMessageSupplier(msgSupplier);
		msgDisplayer.display();
	}
}

首先分别创建ConcreteMessageDisplayer实例和HelloWorldSupplier实例，随后将MessageSupplier传递给MessageDisplayer，最后调用MessageDisplayer的display()方法，执行后的预期结果为：

Hello World

２、引入单例工厂

创建工厂类，通过引用外部文件来读取相应实例类的名字，并由工厂类来负责实例化。

package tutorial.spring;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class MessageSupportFactory {
	private static MessageSupportFactory instance = null;
	
	private Properties props = null;
	
	/**
	 * 
	 * 使用synchronized来保障线程安全性
	 */
	public synchronized static MessageSupportFactory getInstance() {
		if(instance == null) 
			instance = new MessageSupportFactory();
		return instance;
	}
	
	private MessageSupportFactory() {
		props = new Properties();
		try {
			props.load(new FileInputStream("src/msgbean.properties"));
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public MessageDisplayer makeDisplayer() {
		String displayerClass = props.getProperty("displayer.class");
		try{
			return(MessageDisplayer)Class.forName(displayerClass).newInstance();
		} catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("Couldn't find class " + displayerClass);
		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
	
	public MessageSupplier makeSupplier() {
		String supplierClass = props.getProperty("supplier.class");
		try {
			return (MessageSupplier)Class.forName(supplierClass).newInstance();
		} catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
}

 

msgbean.properties

displayer.class=tutorial.spring.impl.ConcreteMessageDisplayer
##################
###################
supplier.class=tutorial.spring.impl.HelloWorldMessageSupplier

通过类反射Class.forName()机制，由外部属性文件来读入实现类的全限定名，并产生各自的实例。

 

 

 

主程序类：

package tutorial.spring;

public class HelloWorldBetterWithFactoryUsage {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MessageDisplayer msgDisplayer =
			MessageSupportFactory.getInstance().makeDisplayer();
		
		MessageSupplier msgSupplier = 
			MessageSupportFactory.getInstance().makeSupplier();
		
		msgDisplayer.setMessageSupplier(msgSupplier);
		msgDisplayer.display();
	}
}

使用Spring对程序进行重构

 

package tutorial.spring;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader;

public class HelloWorldWithSpringUsage {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		BeanFactory factory = getBeanFactory();
		MessageDisplayer displayer = 
			(MessageDisplayer) factory.getBean("displayer");
		MessageSupplier supplier = 
			(MessageSupplier) factory.getBean("supplier");
		
		displayer.setMessageSupplier(supplier);
		
		displayer.display();
	}
	
	private static BeanFactory getBeanFactory() throws Exception {
		
		DefaultListableBeanFactory factory =
			new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
		PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader rdr =
			new PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader(factory);
		Properties props = new Properties();
		props.load(new FileInputStream("src/msgbean.properties"));
		rdr.registerBeanDefinitions(props);
		return factory;
	}
}

 

msgbean.properties文件同上。

 

使用Spring之后，可以从程序中抛弃MessageSupportFactory，转而直接使用Spring框架自带的工厂类，省去的异常处理由Spring代为处理。遗憾的是仍要手动将MessageSupplier的实现注入MessageDisplayer中。

 

实现依赖注入

package tutorial.spring;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader;

public class HelloWorldWithSpringUsage {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		BeanFactory factory = getBeanFactory();
		MessageDisplayer displayer = 
			(MessageDisplayer) factory.getBean("displayer");
//		MessageSupplier supplier = 
//			(MessageSupplier) factory.getBean("supplier");
//		
//		displayer.setMessageSupplier(supplier);
//		
		displayer.display();
	}
	
	private static BeanFactory getBeanFactory() throws Exception {
		
		DefaultListableBeanFactory factory =
			new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
		PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader rdr =
			new PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader(factory);
		Properties props = new Properties();
		props.load(new FileInputStream("src/msgbean.properties"));
		rdr.registerBeanDefinitions(props);
		return factory;
	}
}

msgbean.properties如下：

displayer.class=tutorial.spring.impl.ConcreteMessageDisplayer
##################
displayer.messageSupplier(ref)=supplier
###################
supplier.class=tutorial.spring.impl.HelloWorldMessageSupplier

（ref）关键字意思是该属性的值将引用另外一个Bean的标示key的值。相比以前代码，在主程序中去除了任何组件依赖相关的代码了。不过这种直接使用Spring框架Api读取属性文件的方式通常在真实情况下不常使用。

Web程序

 

　　　　代码在附件中