每日一篇算法题——数独

数独问题

题目

Write a program to solve a Sudoku puzzle by filling the empty cells.
Empty cells are indicated by the character ‘.’.
You may assume that there will be only one unique solution.

A sudoku puzzle…

…and its solution numbers marked in red.

分析

数独规则：每一行、每一列不能有重复数字，且每一个小正方形不能有重复数字（粗线条围起来的九宫格）。

算法

利用回溯法很容易求解。

public class Solution {
    public void solveSudoku(char[][] board) {
        if(board == null || board.length == 0)
            return;
        solve(board);
    }

    public boolean solve(char[][] board){
        for(int i = 0; i < board.length; i++){
            for(int j = 0; j < board[0].length; j++){
                if(board[i][j] == '.'){
                    for(char c = '1'; c <= '9'; c++){//尝试填入1-9
                        if(isValid(board, i, j, c)){//如果可以填入
                            board[i][j] = c; //暂时填入

                            if(solve(board))
                                return true; //正确答案 返回true
                            else
                                board[i][j] = '.'; //恢复之前状态
                        }
                    }

                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;//没有一个是‘.’了就返回true
    }

    private boolean isValid(char[][] board, int row, int col, char c){
        for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
            if(board[i][col] != '.' && board[i][col] == c) return false; //检查行
            if(board[row][i] != '.' && board[row][i] == c) return false; //检查列
            if(board[3 * (row / 3) + i / 3][ 3 * (col / 3) + i % 3] != '.' && 
board[3 * (row / 3) + i / 3][3 * (col / 3) + i % 3] == c) return false; //检查3*3的九宫格
        }
        return true;
    }
}

上面的算法是我看的答案copy下来的，很简洁。