筛选
查询姓氏为A开头的冠军赛车手,并按胜利场数进行倒序排列。
//得到所有冠军赛车手
IList<Racer> champions_racers = Formula1.GetChampions();
//linq查询
var query = from r in champions_racers
where r.LastName.StartsWith("A")
orderby r.Wins descending select r;
foreach (var item in query)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.ToString("A"));
}
Console.WriteLine("==========================================");
索引器筛选
是用linq进行查询,其实最终编译器还是将其转换为调用扩展方法,但是有些扩展的查询是不能用linq完成的,如:Where有带两个参数的扩展查询,linq就不能完成其操作,又如:按类型查询OfType等、
查询姓氏为A开头的冠军赛车手,并按胜利场数进行倒序排列。索引为奇数
//得到所有冠军赛车手
IList<Racer> champions_racers = Formula1.GetChampions();
//使用扩展方法进行查询
var query = champions_racers.Where((r, index) => r.LastName.StartsWith("A") && index % 2 != 0).OrderByDescending(r => r.Wins);
foreach (var item in query)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.ToString("A"));
}
Console.WriteLine("==========================================");
类型筛选
ArrayList list = new ArrayList() { 'A', 'B', 3, 0.5, "Hello", "Word" };
foreach (var item in list.OfType<string>())
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
复合的from语句
使用linq查询使用法拉利赢得冠军的赛车手名字。
//得到所有冠军赛车手
IList<Racer> champions_racers = Formula1.GetChampions();
var query = from r in champions_racers
from c in r.Cars
where c == "Ferrari"
orderby r.LastName
select r.FirstName + " " + r.LastName;
foreach (var item in query)
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
将上续查询转换为使用扩展方法查询
//得到所有冠军赛车手
IList<Racer> champions_racers = Formula1.GetChampions();
var query = champions_racers.SelectMany(r => r.Cars, (r, c) => new { Racer = r, Car = c })
.Where(r => r.Car == "Ferrari")
.OrderBy(r => r.Racer.LastName)
.Select(r => r.Racer.FirstName + " " + r.Racer.LastName);
foreach (var item in query)
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
C#编译器会把复合的from语句转换为SelectMany方法。
排序
前面已经使用到过排序 orderby descending,但是多字段排序,用扩展方法的语法,怎么写呢?
var query = from r in champions_racers where r.LastName.StartsWith("A") orderby r.FirstName descending, r.Wins descending select r;
foreach (var item in query)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.ToString("A"));
}
对应
var query = champions_racers.Where(r => r.LastName.StartsWith("A"))
.OrderByDescending(r => r.FirstName)
.ThenByDescending(r => r.Wins)
.Select(r => r);
分组
分组查询每个国家获得冠军的赛车手人数,人数必须大于2,返回国家名称、国家赛车手冠军数量
var query = from r in champions_racers
group r by r.Country into g
orderby g.Count() descending, g.Key
where g.Count() >= 2
select new { Country=g.Key,count=g.Count() };
foreach (var g in query)
{
Console.WriteLine("Country={0},Count={1}",g.Country,g.count);
}
转换为扩展方法
var query = champions_racers.GroupBy(r => r.Country)
.OrderByDescending(g => g.Count())
.ThenBy(g => g.Key)
.Where(g => g.Count() >= 2)
.Select(g => new { Country = g.Key, count = g.Count() });
嵌套的分组
分组查询每个国家获得冠军的赛车手人数,人数必须大于2,返回国家名称、国家赛车手冠军数量、赛车手名称
var query = from r in champions_racers
group r by r.Country into g
orderby g.Count() descending, g.Key
where g.Count() >= 2
select new { Country = g.Key, count = g.Count(),
RacerNickName= from r1 in g orderby r1.FirstName select r1.FirstName+" "+r1.LastName
};
foreach (var g in query)
{
Console.WriteLine("Country={0},Count={1}",g.Country,g.count);
foreach (var item in g.RacerNickName)
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
}
对应的扩展方法
var query = champions_racers.GroupBy(r => r.Country)
.OrderByDescending(g => g.Count())
.ThenBy(g => g.Key)
.Where(g => g.Count() >= 2)
.Select(g => new { Country = g.Key, count = g.Count(),
RacerNickName = g.OrderBy(r1 => r1.FirstName).Select(r1 => r1.FirstName + " " + r1.LastName)
});
foreach (var g in query)
{
Console.WriteLine("Country={0},Count={1}",g.Country,g.count);
foreach (var item in g.RacerNickName)
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
}