Maven搭建的SpringMVC项目Tomcat启动时报Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina]

1、环境信息：

• Window 7
• Maven 3.5.2
• JDK 1.8
• Tomcat 8
• Eclipse 4.6
• Spring 5.1.6.RELEASE

2、报错信息

严重: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/shiro-book]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:945)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:871)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1410)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1400)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/shiro-book]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
	... 6 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@243846f2]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:5016)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5149)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	... 6 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet@6826de91]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:135)
	at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.startInternal(StandardRoot.java:722)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	... 9 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.util.zip.ZipException: invalid LOC header (bad signature)
	at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.initInternal(AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.java:142)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)
	... 12 more
Caused by: java.util.zip.ZipException: invalid LOC header (bad signature)
	at java.util.zip.ZipFile.read(Native Method)
	at java.util.zip.ZipFile.access$1400(ZipFile.java:60)
	at java.util.zip.ZipFile$ZipFileInputStream.read(ZipFile.java:734)
	at java.util.zip.ZipFile$ZipFileInflaterInputStream.fill(ZipFile.java:434)
	at java.util.zip.InflaterInputStream.read(InflaterInputStream.java:158)
	at sun.misc.IOUtils.readFully(IOUtils.java:65)
	at java.util.jar.JarFile.getBytes(JarFile.java:425)
	at java.util.jar.JarFile.getManifestFromReference(JarFile.java:193)
	at java.util.jar.JarFile.getManifest(JarFile.java:180)
	at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.initInternal(AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.java:140)
	... 13 more

五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
严重: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:945)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:441)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:789)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:641)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:349)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:483)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1410)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1400)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:953)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:871)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	... 6 more

五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
严重: The required Server component failed to start so Tomcat is unable to start.
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardServer[8005]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:641)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:349)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:483)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardService[Catalina]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:789)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	... 7 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:441)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	... 9 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:953)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
	... 11 more

五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
信息: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
信息: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
信息: Stopping service Catalina
五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
信息: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
严重: Failed to destroy end point associated with ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
java.lang.NullPointerException
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.releaseCaches(NioEndpoint.java:315)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.unbind(NioEndpoint.java:491)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.destroy(AbstractEndpoint.java:896)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy(AbstractProtocol.java:551)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.destroyInternal(Connector.java:1023)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.destroyInternal(StandardService.java:589)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.destroyInternal(StandardServer.java:879)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:645)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:349)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:483)

五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
信息: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
五月 26, 2019 3:37:11 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
严重: Failed to destroy end point associated with ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
java.lang.NullPointerException
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.releaseCaches(NioEndpoint.java:315)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.unbind(NioEndpoint.java:491)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.destroy(AbstractEndpoint.java:896)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy(AbstractProtocol.java:551)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.destroyInternal(Connector.java:1023)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.destroyInternal(StandardService.java:589)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.destroyInternal(StandardServer.java:879)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:645)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:349)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:483)

3、解决方法

参照了网上所有的方法都没解决，最后把Spring的版本5.1.6.RELEASE降为5.0.X.RELEASE以下再启动就可以了。Spring 5.1.X支持servlet 4.0 API，Tomcat 8 最高支持servlet 3.1，估计是这原因吧（不过我用Tomcat 9也启动不了5.1.6.RELEASE的）。附Tomcat与servlet版本对应的关系