1.概述
上一篇博客,讲述Hadoop V2的序列化机制,这为我们学习Hadoop V2的RPC机制奠定了基础。RPC的内容涵盖的信息有点多,包含Hadoop的序列化机制,RPC,代理,NIO等。若对Hadoop序列化不了解的同学,可以参考《
Hadoop2源码分析-序列化篇
》。今天这篇博客为大家介绍的内容目录如下:
- RPC概述
- 第三方RPC
- Hadoop V2的RPC简述
那么,下面开始今天的学习之路。
2.RPC概述
首先,我们要弄明白,什么是RPC?RPC能用来做什么?
2.1什么是RPC
RPC的全程是Remote Procedure Call,中文释为远程过程调用。也就是说,调用的过程代码(业务服务代码)并不在调用者本地运行,而是要实现调用着和被调用着之间的连接通信,有同学可能已经发现,这个和C/S模式很像。没错,RPC的基础通信模式是基于C/S进程间相互通信的模式来实现的,它对Client端提供远程接口服务,其RPC原理图如下所示:
2.2RPC的功能
我们都知道,在过去的编程概念中,过程是由开发人员在本地编译完成的,并且只能局限在本地运行的某一段代码,即主程序和过程程序是一种本地调用关系。因此,这种结构在如今网络飞速发展的情况下已无法适应实际的业务需求。而且,传统过程调用模式无法充分利用网络上其他主机的资源,如CPU,内存等,也无法提高代码在Bean之间的共享,使得资源浪费较大。
而RPC的出现,正好有效的解决了传统过程中存在的这些不足。通过RPC,我们可以充分利用非共享内存的机器,可以简便的将应用分布在多台机器上,类似集群分布。这样方便的实现过程代码共享,提高系统资源的利用率。较少单个集群的压力,实现负载均衡。
3.第三方RPC
在学习Hadoop V2的RPC机制之前,我们先来熟悉第三方的RPC机制是如何工作的,下面我以Thrift框架为例子。
Thrift是一个软件框架,用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务开发协议。它拥有强大的代码生成引擎,支持C++,Java,Python,PHP,Ruby等编程语言。Thrift允许定义一个简单的定义文件(以.thirft结尾),文件中包含数据类型和服务接口。用以作为输入文件,编译器生成代码用来方便的生成RPC客户端和服务端通信的编程语言。具体Thrift安装过程请参考《
Mac OS X 下搭建thrift环境
》。
3.1Thrift原理图
下面给出Thrift的原理图,如下所示:
下面为大家解释一下上面的原理图,首先,我们编译完thrift定义文件后(这里我使用的是Java语言),会生成对应的Java类文件,该类的Iface接口定义了我们所规范的接口函数。在服务端,实现Iface接口,编写对应函数下的业务逻辑,启动服务。客户端同样需要生成的Java类文件,以供Client端调用相应的接口函数,监听服务端的IP和PORT来获取连接对象。
3.2代码示例
- package cn.rpc.main;
-
- import org.apache.thrift.TProcessorFactory;
- import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
- import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer;
- import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
- import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
- import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
- import org.slf4j.Logger;
- import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
- import cn.rpc.service.StatQueryService;
- import cn.rpc.service.impl.StatQueryServiceImpl;
-
- /**
- * @Date Mar 23, 2015
- *
- * @Author dengjie
- */
- public class StatsServer {
-
- private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StatsServer.class);
-
- private final int PORT = 9090;
-
- @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
- private void start() {
- try {
- TNonblockingServerSocket socket = new TNonblockingServerSocket(PORT);
- final StatQueryService.Processor processor = new StatQueryService.Processor(new StatQueryServiceImpl());
- THsHaServer.Args arg = new THsHaServer.Args(socket);
- /*
- * Binary coded format efficient, intensive data transmission, The
- * use of non blocking mode of transmission, according to the size
- * of the block, similar to the Java of NIO
- */
- arg.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
- arg.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
- arg.processorFactory(new TProcessorFactory(processor));
- TServer server = new THsHaServer(arg);
- server.serve();
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- try {
- logger.info("start thrift server...");
- StatsServer stats = new StatsServer();
- stats.start();
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- logger.error(String.format("run thrift server has error,msg is %s", ex.getMessage()));
- }
- }
-
- }
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- package cn.rpc.test;
-
- import java.util.Map;
-
- import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
- import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
- import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
- import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
- import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
-
- import cn.rpc.service.StatQueryService;
-
- /**
- * @Date Mar 23, 2015
- *
- * @Author dengjie
- *
- * @Note Test thrift client
- */
- public class StatsClient {
-
- public static final String ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
- public static final int PORT = 9090;
- public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- if (args.length < 4) {
- System.out.println("args length must >= 4,current length is " + args.length);
- System.out.println("<info>****************</info>");
- System.out.println("ADDRESS,beginDate,endDate,kpiCode,...");
- System.out.println("<info>****************</info>");
- return;
- }
- TTransport transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(args[0], PORT, TIMEOUT));
- TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
- StatQueryService.Client client = new StatQueryService.Client(protocol);
- String beginDate = args[1]; // "20150308"
- String endDate = args[2]; // "20150312"
- String kpiCode = args[3]; // "login_times"
- String userName = "";
- int areaId = 0;
- String type = "";
- String fashion = "";
-
- try {
- transport.open();
- Map<String, String> map = client.queryConditionDayKPI(beginDate, endDate, kpiCode, userName, areaId, type,
- fashion);
- System.out.println(map.toString());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- transport.close();
- }
- }
-
- }
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这个类的代码量太大,暂不贴出。需要的同学请到以下地址下载。
下载地址:
git@gitlab.com
:dengjie/Resource.git
下面实现其中一个函数的内容,代码如下所示:
- package cn.rpc.service.impl;
-
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- import org.apache.thrift.TException;
-
- import cn.rpc.conf.ConfigureAPI;
- import cn.rpc.dao.KpiDao;
- import cn.rpc.domain.ReportParam;
- import cn.rpc.domain.ReportResult;
- import cn.rpc.service.StatQueryService;
- import cn.rpc.util.MapperFactory;
-
- /**
- * @Date Mar 23, 2015
- *
- * @Author dengjie
- */
- public class StatQueryServiceImpl implements StatQueryService.Iface {
-
- public Map<String, String> queryDayKPI(String beginDate, String endDate, String kpiCode) throws TException {
- return null;
- }
-
- public Map<String, String> queryConditionDayKPI(String beginDate, String endDate, String kpiCode, String userName,
- int areaId, String type, String fashion) throws TException {
- Map<String, String> res = new HashMap<String, String>();
- ReportParam param = new ReportParam();
- param.setBeginDate(beginDate + "");
- param.setEndDate(endDate + "");
- param.setKpiCode(kpiCode);
- param.setUserName(userName == "" ? null : userName);
- param.setDistrictId(areaId < 0 ? 0 : areaId);
- param.setProductStyle(fashion == "" ? null : fashion);
- param.setCustomerProperty(type == "" ? null : type);
- List<ReportResult> chart = ((KpiDao) MapperFactory.createMapper(KpiDao.class)).getChartAmount(param);
- Map<String, Integer> title = ((KpiDao) MapperFactory.createMapper(KpiDao.class)).getTitleAmount(param);
- List<Map<String, Integer>> tableAmount = ((KpiDao) MapperFactory.createMapper(KpiDao.class))
- .getTableAmount(param);
- String avgTime = kpiCode.split("_")[0];
- param.setKpiCode(avgTime + "_avg_time");
- List<Map<String, Integer>> tableAvgTime = ((KpiDao) MapperFactory.createMapper(KpiDao.class))
- .getTableAmount(param);
- res.put(ConfigureAPI.RESMAPKEY.CHART, chart.toString());
- res.put(ConfigureAPI.RESMAPKEY.TITLE, title.toString());
- res.put(ConfigureAPI.RESMAPKEY.TABLEAMOUNT, tableAmount.toString());
- res.put(ConfigureAPI.RESMAPKEY.TABLEAVG, tableAvgTime.toString());
- return res;
- }
-
- public Map<String, String> queryDetail(String beginDate, String endDate, String userName) throws TException {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- return null;
- }
-
- }
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4.Hadoop V2的RPC简述
Hadoop V2中的RPC采用的是自己独立开发的协议,其核心内容包含服务端,客户端,交互协议。源码内容都在hadoop-common-project项目的org.apache.hadoop.ipc包下面。
- package org.apache.hadoop.ipc;
-
- import java.io.IOException;
-
- /**
- * Superclass of all protocols that use Hadoop RPC.
- * Subclasses of this interface are also supposed to have
- * a static final long versionID field.
- */
- public interface VersionedProtocol {
-
- /**
- * Return protocol version corresponding to protocol interface.
- * @param protocol The classname of the protocol interface
- * @param clientVersion The version of the protocol that the client speaks
- * @return the version that the server will speak
- * @throws IOException if any IO error occurs
- */
- public long getProtocolVersion(String protocol,
- long clientVersion) throws IOException;
-
- /**
- * Return protocol version corresponding to protocol interface.
- * @param protocol The classname of the protocol interface
- * @param clientVersion The version of the protocol that the client speaks
- * @param clientMethodsHash the hashcode of client protocol methods
- * @return the server protocol signature containing its version and
- * a list of its supported methods
- * @see ProtocolSignature#getProtocolSignature(VersionedProtocol, String,
- * long, int) for a default implementation
- */
- public ProtocolSignature getProtocolSignature(String protocol,
- long clientVersion,
- int clientMethodsHash) throws IOException;
- }
-
-
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该类中的两个方法一个是作为版本,另一个作为签名用。
- /** An RPC Server. */
- public abstract static class Server extends org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server {
- boolean verbose;
- static String classNameBase(String className) {
- String[] names = className.split("\\.", -1);
- if (names == null || names.length == 0) {
- return className;
- }
- return names[names.length-1];
- }
复制代码
对外提供服务,处理Client端的请求,并返回处理结果。
至于Client端,监听Server端的IP和PORT,封装请求数据,并接受Response。
5.总结 这篇博客赘述了RPC的相关内容,让大家先熟悉一下RPC的相关机制和流程,并简述了Hadoop V2的RPC机制,关于Hadoop V2的RPC详细内容会在下一篇博客中给大家分享。这里只是让大家先对Hadoop V2的RPC机制有个初步的认识。
转自:董的博客