python调用C++

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/marising/article/details/2917892

test.cpp

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?/*
* test.cpp
* Created on: 2010-8-12
* Author: lihaibo
*/
#include <python2.6/Python.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
void printDict(PyObject* obj) {
if (!PyDict_Check(obj))
return;
PyObject *k, *keys;
keys = PyDict_Keys(obj);
for (int i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(keys); i++) {
k = PyList_GET_ITEM(keys, i);
char* c_name = PyString_AsString(k);
printf("%s/n", c_name);
}
}
int main() {
Py_Initialize();
if (!Py_IsInitialized())
return -1;
PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append(''./'')");
//导入模块
PyObject* pModule = PyImport_ImportModule("testpy");
if (!pModule) {
printf("Cant open python file!/n");
return -1;
}
//模块的字典列表
PyObject* pDict = PyModule_GetDict(pModule);
if (!pDict) {
printf("Cant find dictionary./n");
return -1;
}
//打印出来看一下
printDict(pDict);
//演示函数调用
PyObject* pFunHi = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "sayhi");
PyObject_CallFunction(pFunHi, "s", "lhb");
Py_DECREF(pFunHi);
//演示构造一个Python对象，并调用Class的方法
//获取Second类
PyObject* pClassSecond = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "Second");
if (!pClassSecond) {
printf("Cant find second class./n");
return -1;
}
//获取Person类
PyObject* pClassPerson = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "Person");
if (!pClassPerson) {
printf("Cant find person class./n");
return -1;
}
//构造Second的实例
PyObject* pInstanceSecond = PyInstance_New(pClassSecond, NULL, NULL);
if (!pInstanceSecond) {
printf("Cant create second instance./n");
return -1;
}
//构造Person的实例
PyObject* pInstancePerson = PyInstance_New(pClassPerson, NULL, NULL);
if (!pInstancePerson) {
printf("Cant find person instance./n");
return -1;
}
//把person实例传入second的invoke方法
PyObject_CallMethod(pInstanceSecond, "invoke", "O", pInstancePerson);
//释放
Py_DECREF(pInstanceSecond);
Py_DECREF(pInstancePerson);
Py_DECREF(pClassSecond);
Py_DECREF(pClassPerson);
Py_DECREF(pModule);
Py_Finalize();
return 0;
}
/*
* test.cpp
* Created on: 2010-8-12
* Author: lihaibo
*/
#include <python2.6/Python.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
void printDict(PyObject* obj) {
if (!PyDict_Check(obj))
return;
PyObject *k, *keys;
keys = PyDict_Keys(obj);
for (int i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(keys); i++) {
k = PyList_GET_ITEM(keys, i);
char* c_name = PyString_AsString(k);
printf("%s/n", c_name);
}
}
int main() {
Py_Initialize();
if (!Py_IsInitialized())
return -1;
PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append(''./'')");
//导入模块
PyObject* pModule = PyImport_ImportModule("testpy");
if (!pModule) {
printf("Cant open python file!/n");
return -1;
}
//模块的字典列表
PyObject* pDict = PyModule_GetDict(pModule);
if (!pDict) {
printf("Cant find dictionary./n");
return -1;
}
//打印出来看一下
printDict(pDict);
//演示函数调用
PyObject* pFunHi = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "sayhi");
PyObject_CallFunction(pFunHi, "s", "lhb");
Py_DECREF(pFunHi);
//演示构造一个Python对象，并调用Class的方法
//获取Second类
PyObject* pClassSecond = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "Second");
if (!pClassSecond) {
printf("Cant find second class./n");
return -1;
}
//获取Person类
PyObject* pClassPerson = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "Person");
if (!pClassPerson) {
printf("Cant find person class./n");
return -1;
}
//构造Second的实例
PyObject* pInstanceSecond = PyInstance_New(pClassSecond, NULL, NULL);
if (!pInstanceSecond) {
printf("Cant create second instance./n");
return -1;
}
//构造Person的实例
PyObject* pInstancePerson = PyInstance_New(pClassPerson, NULL, NULL);
if (!pInstancePerson) {
printf("Cant find person instance./n");
return -1;
}
//把person实例传入second的invoke方法
PyObject_CallMethod(pInstanceSecond, "invoke", "O", pInstancePerson);
//释放
Py_DECREF(pInstanceSecond);
Py_DECREF(pInstancePerson);
Py_DECREF(pClassSecond);
Py_DECREF(pClassPerson);
Py_DECREF(pModule);
Py_Finalize();
return 0;
}


编译

g++ test.cpp -o test -lpython2.6



testpy.py

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: test.py
class Person:
def sayHi(self):
print ''hi''
class Second:
def invoke(self,obj):
obj.sayHi()
def sayhi(name):
print ''hi'',name;
#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: test.py
class Person:
def sayHi(self):
print ''hi''
class Second:
def invoke(self,obj):
obj.sayHi()
def sayhi(name):
print ''hi'',name;


执行

lhb@localhost:~/maplib/clib/pyc/invokepy$ ./test
sayhi
__builtins__
__file__
__package__
Person
Second
__name__
__doc__
hi lhb
hi


我简单解释一下

这个例子演示了，创建python中Person类的实例，并作为参数调用Second的方法。
Py_Initialize()和 Py_Finalize()是初始和销毁Python解释器
PyRun_SimpleString( "import sys" )导入sys，接着设置py文件的路径PyRun_SimpleString( "sys.path.append(''./'')" )
导入模块PyImport_ImportModule( "testpy" )，就是testpy.py模块。
获取模块字典列表，PyModule_GetDict(pModule)，可以打印出来看一下如 void printDict(PyObject* obj)函数
从字典中获取类的类型 PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "Second" )，如函数也是这样获取的
创造类的实例 PyInstance_New(pClassSecond,NULL,NULL)
调用实例的方法PyObject_CallMethod(pInstanceSecond, "invoke" , "O" ,pInstancePerson)
整个流程就是这样的，并不复杂，如果要进一步研究可以参考：http://www.python.org/doc/

Extending and Embedding
Python/C API
比较特殊的是调用Python函数时，参数的传递，就是c++的类型，怎么转换成Python的类型;另外一个问题是，Python函数的返回值，怎么转换成C++中的类型。
C++转换成Python类型，Py_BuildValue()
http://www.python.org/doc/1.5.2p2/ext/buildValue.html

PyObject* pArgs=PyTuple_New( 1 ); //有几个参数，就是几
PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0 ,Py_BuildValue( "i" , 3 )); //初始第一个参数，数据类型是i，就是int，值是 3