上一篇文章,讲述了如何通过RestTemplate+Ribbon去消费服务,这篇文章主要讲述如何通过Feign去消费服务。
一、Feign简介
Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign,只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon,并和Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。
简而言之:
- Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
- Feign 整合了ribbon,具有负载均衡的能力
- 整合了Hystrix,具有熔断的能力
继续用上一节的工程, 启动eureka-server,端口为8090; 启动eureka-client两次,端口分别为8085 、8087.
创建一个feign的服务
新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为eureka-feign,在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.qh</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-feign</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>eureka-feign</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.qh</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名为eureka-feign,端口号为8091,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8090/eureka/ ,代码如下:
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8090/eureka/
server:
port: 8091
spring:
application:
name: eureka-feign
在程序的启动类EurekaFeignApplication,加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能:
package com.qh.eurekafeign;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
/**
* @EnableFeignClients:注解开启feign功能
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class EurekaFeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaFeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了eureka-client服务的“/index”接口,代码如下:
package com.qh.eurekafeign.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
/**
* @Author: qh
* @Date: 2019/2/19 15:21
* @Description: @ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务
*/
@FeignClient(value = "eureka-client")
public interface SchedualService {
@RequestMapping(value = "/index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
String getIndexFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}
在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个"/printIndex"的API接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualService 来消费服务。代码如下:
package com.qh.eurekafeign.controller;
import com.qh.eurekafeign.service.SchedualService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @Author: qh
* @Date: 2019/2/19 15:20
* @Description:
*/
@RestController
public class IndexController {
/**
* 编译器报错,无视。 因为这个Bean是在程序启动的时候注入的,编译器感知不到,所以报错。
*/
@Autowired
SchedualService schedualService;
@GetMapping(value = "/printIndex")
public String printIndex(@RequestParam String name) {
return schedualService.getIndexFromClientOne(name);
}
}
启动程序,多次访问http://localhost:8091/printIndex?name=xiaoming,浏览器交替显示:
hi xiaoming , i am from port: 8085
hi xiaoming , i am from port: 8087
本文源码下载:https://github.com/qh870754310/springcloud-parent.git
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/81040965