Android系统的4个组件终于还剩一种组件了BroadcastReceiver,这个组件是全局监听器,可以监听系统全局的广播消息,可以方便的实现系统中不同组件之间的通信
BroadcastReceiver有自己的进程,系统级监听器,只要存在与之匹配的Intent被广播出来,BroadcastReceiver就会被激发
要创建自己的BroadcastReceiver对象,我们需要继承android.content.BroadcastReceiver,并实现其onReceive方法
MyReceiver.java
- public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
- {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
- {
- Toast.makeText(context,
- "接收到的Intent的Action为:" + intent.getAction()
- + "\n消息内容是:" + intent.getStringExtra("msg")
- , Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- }
- }
- <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="org.crazyit.action.CRAZY_BROADCAST" />
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- public class BroadcastMain extends Activity
- {
- Button send;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- // 获取程序界面中的按钮
- send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
- send.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
- {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v)
- {
- // 创建Intent对象
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- // 设置Intent的Action属性
- intent.setAction("org.crazyit.action.CRAZY_BROADCAST");
- intent.putExtra("msg", "简单的消息");
- // 发送广播
- sendBroadcast(intent);
- }
- });
- }
- }
注册Receiver有两种方法:
静态注册
静态注册是在AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置的,我们就来为MyReceiver注册一个广播地址:
- <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MY_BROADCAST"/>
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
配置了以上信息之后,只要是android.intent.action.MY_BROADCAST这个地址的广播,MyReceiver都能够接收的到。注意,这种方式的注册是常驻型的,也就是说当应用关闭后,如果有广播信息传来,MyReceiver也会被系统调用而自动运行。
动态注册
动态注册需要在代码中动态的指定广播地址并注册,通常我们是在Activity或Service注册一个广播,下面我们就来看一下注册的代码:
- MyReceiver receiver = new MyReceiver();
- IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
- filter.addAction("android.intent.action.MY_BROADCAST");
- registerReceiver(receiver, filter); //注册<pre name="code" class="java">receiver 和filter
普通广播
普通广播对于多个接收者来说是完全异步的,通常每个接收者都无需等待即可以接收到广播,接收者相互之间不会有影响。对于这种广播,接收者无法终止广播,即无法阻止其他接收者的接收动作。上面的例子就是发送的普通广播
有序广播
有序广播比较特殊,它每次只发送到优先级较高的接收者那里,然后由优先级高的接受者再传播到优先级低的接收者那里,优先级高的接收者有能力终止这个广播。
例如:优先级A>B>C,Broadcast先传给A,再传给B,在传给C。优先级别声明<Intent-filter>元素的android:priority中,数越大级别越高,取值范围在-1000~1000
优先收到Broadcast的接受者可以通过setResultExtras(Bundle)方法将处理结果存入Broadcast中,然后传给下一个接受者,通过Bundle bunde=getResultExtras(true)柯获得上一个接受者存入的数据
- public class SortedBroadcast extends Activity
- {
- Button send;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- // 获取程序中的send按钮
- send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
- send.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
- {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v)
- {
- // 创建Intent对象
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setAction("org.crazyit.action.CRAZY_BROADCAST");
- intent.putExtra("msg", "简单的消息");
- // 发送有序广播
- sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
- }
- });
- }
- }
- public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
- {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
- {
- Toast.makeText(context, "接收到的Intent的Action为:"
- + intent.getAction() + "\n消息内容是:"
- + intent.getStringExtra("msg")
- , Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- // 创建一个Bundle对象,并存入数据
- Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
- bundle.putString("first", "第一个BroadcastReceiver存入的消息");
- // 将bundle放入结果中
- setResultExtras(bundle);
- // 取消Broadcast的继续传播
- // abortBroadcast(); //①
- }
- }
- public class MyReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver
- {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
- {
- Bundle bundle = getResultExtras(true);
- // 解析前一个BroadcastReceiver所存入的key为first的消息
- String first = bundle.getString("first");
- Toast.makeText(context, "第一个Broadcast存入的消息为:"
- + first, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- }
- }
- <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
- <intent-filter android:priority="20">
- <action android:name="org.crazyit.action.CRAZY_BROADCAST" />
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver2">
- <intent-filter android:priority="0">
- <action android:name="org.crazyit.action.CRAZY_BROADCAST" />
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>