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上篇文章<<Android中measure过程、WRAP_CONTENT详解以及xml布局文件解析流程浅析(上)>>中,我们
了解了View树的转换过程以及如何设置View的LayoutParams的。本文继续沿着既定轨迹继续未完成的job。
主要知识点如下:
1、MeasureSpc类说明
2、measure过程详解(揭秘其细节);
3、root View被添加至窗口时,UI框架是如何设置其LayoutParams值得。
在讲解measure过程前,我们非常有必要理解MeasureSpc类的使用,否则理解起来也只能算是囫囵吞枣。
1、MeasureSpc类说明
1.1 SDK 说明如下
A MeasureSpec encapsulates the layout requirements passed from parent to child. Each MeasureSpecrepresents a requirement for either the width or the height. A MeasureSpec is comprised of a size and
a mode.
即:
MeasureSpc类封装了父View传递给子View的布局(layout)要求。每个MeasureSpc实例代表宽度或者高度
(只能是其一)要求。 它有三种模式:
①、UNSPECIFIED(未指定),父元素部队自元素施加任何束缚,子元素可以得到任意想要的大小;
②、EXACTLY(完全),父元素决定自元素的确切大小,子元素将被限定在给定的边界里而忽略它本身大小;
③、AT_MOST(至多),子元素至多达到指定大小的值。
常用的三个函数:
static int getMode(int measureSpec) : 根据提供的测量值(格式)提取模式(上述三个模式之一)
static int getSize(int measureSpec) : 根据提供的测量值(格式)提取大小值(这个大小也就是我们通常所说的大小)
static int makeMeasureSpec(int size,int mode) : 根据提供的大小值和模式创建一个测量值(格式)
以上摘取自: <<MeasureSpec介绍及使用详解>>
1.2 MeasureSpc类源码分析 其为View.java类的内部类,路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\View.java
public class View implements ... {
...
public static class MeasureSpec {
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30; //移位位数为30
//int类型占32位,向右移位30位,该属性表示掩码值,用来与size和mode进行"&"运算,获取对应值。
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
//向右移位30位,其值为00 + (30位0) , 即 0x0000(16进制表示)
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
//向右移位30位,其值为01 + (30位0) , 即0x1000(16进制表示)
public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
//向右移位30位,其值为02 + (30位0) , 即0x2000(16进制表示)
public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
//创建一个整形值,其高两位代表mode类型,其余30位代表长或宽的实际值。可以是WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT或具体大小exactly size
public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
return size + mode;
}
//获取模式 ,与运算
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
//获取长或宽的实际值 ,与运算
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
}
...
}
MeasureSpec类的处理思路是:
①、右移运算,使int 类型的高两位表示模式的实际值,其余30位表示其余30位代表长或宽的实际值----可以是
WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT或具体大小exactly size。
②、通过掩码MODE_MASK进行与运算 “&”,取得模式(mode)以及长或宽(value)的实际值。
2、measure过程详解
2.1 measure过程深入分析
之前的一篇博文<< Android中View绘制流程以及invalidate()等相关方法分析>>,我们从”二B程序员”的角度简单 解了measure过程的调用过程。过了这么多,我们也该升级了,- - 。现在请开始从”普通程序员”角度去理解这个
过程。我们重点查看measure过程中地相关方法。
我们说过,当UI框架开始绘制时,皆是从ViewRoot.java类开始绘制的。
ViewRoot类简要说明: 任何显示在设备中的窗口,例如:Activity、Dialog等,都包含一个ViewRoot实例,该
类主要用来与远端 WindowManagerService交互以及控制(开始/销毁)绘制。
Step 1、 开始UI绘制 , 具体绘制方法则是:
路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\ViewRoot.java
public final class ViewRoot extends Handler implements ViewParent,View.AttachInfo.Callbacks {
...
//mView对象指添加至窗口的root View ,对Activity窗口而言,则是DecorView对象。
View mView;
//开始View绘制流程
private void performTraversals(){
...
//这两个值我们在后面讨论时,在回过头来看看是怎么赋值的。现在只需要记住其值MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec()构建的。
int childWidthMeasureSpec; //其值由MeasureSpec类构建 , makeMeasureSpec
int childHeightMeasureSpec;//其值由MeasureSpec类构建 , makeMeasureSpec
// Ask host how big it wants to be
host.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
...
}
...
}
Step 2 、调用measure()方法去做一些前期准备
measure()方法原型定义在View.java类中,final修饰符修饰,其不能被重载:
public class View implements ... {
...
/**
* This is called to find out how big a view should be. The parent
* supplies constraint information in the width and height parameters.
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the
* parent
* @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the
* parent
* @see #onMeasure(int, int)
*/
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//判断是否为强制布局,即带有“FORCE_LAYOUT”标记 以及 widthMeasureSpec或heightMeasureSpec发生了改变
if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {
// first clears the measured dimension flag
//清除MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记 ,该标记会在onMeasure()方法后被设置
mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
// measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
// 1、 测量该View本身的大小 ; 2 、 设置MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记,否则接写来会报异常。
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
// flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
// an exception to warn the developer
if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
+ " measured dimension by calling" + " setMeasuredDimension()");
}
mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED; //下一步是layout了,添加LAYOUT_REQUIRED标记
}
mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec; //保存值
mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec; //保存值
}
...
}
参数widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec 由父View构建,表示父View给子View的测量要求。其值地构建
会在下面步骤中详解。
measure()方法显示判断是否需要重新调用设置改View大小,即调用onMeasure()方法,然后操作两个标识符:
①、重置MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET : onMeasure()方法中,需要添加该标识符,否则,会报异常;
②、添加LAYOUT_REQUIRED : 表示需要进行layout操作。
最后,保存当前的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec值。
Step 3 、调用onMeasure()方法去真正设置View的长宽值,其默认实现为:
/**
* Measure the view and its content to determine the measured width and the
* measured height. This method is invoked by {@link #measure(int, int)} and
* should be overriden by subclasses to provide accurate and efficient
* measurement of their contents.
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* The requirements are encoded with
* @param heightMeasureSpec vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* The requirements are encoded with
*/
//设置该View本身地大小
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
/**
* Utility to return a default size. Uses the supplied size if the
* MeasureSpec imposed no contraints. Will get larger if allowed
* by the MeasureSpec.
*
* @param size Default size for this view
* @param measureSpec Constraints imposed by the parent
* @return The size this view should be.
*/
//@param size参数一般表示设置了android:minHeight属性或者该View背景图片的大小值
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
//根据不同的mode值,取得宽和高的实际值。
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: //表示该View的大小父视图未定,设置为默认值
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: //表示该View的大小由父视图指定了
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}
//获得设置了android:minHeight属性或者该View背景图片的大小值, 最为该View的参考值
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
int suggestedMinWidth = mMinWidth; // android:minHeight
if (mBGDrawable != null) { // 背景图片对应地Width。
final int bgMinWidth = mBGDrawable.getMinimumWidth();
if (suggestedMinWidth < bgMinWidth) {
suggestedMinWidth = bgMinWidth;
}
}
return suggestedMinWidth;
}
//设置View在measure过程中宽和高
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; //设置了MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记
}
主要功能就是根据该View属性(android:minWidth和背景图片大小)和父View对该子View的"测量要求",设置该 View的 mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight 值。
这儿只是一般的View类型地实现方法。一般来说,父View,也就是ViewGroup类型,都需要在重写onMeasure() 方法,遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。基本思想如下:遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。伪
代码表示为:
//某个ViewGroup类型的视图
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//必须调用super.ononMeasure()或者直接调用setMeasuredDimension()方法设置该View大小,否则会报异常。
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec , heightMeasureSpec)
//setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
// getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
//遍历每个子View
for(int i = 0 ; i < getChildCount() ; i++){
View child = getChildAt(i);
//调用子View的onMeasure,设置他们的大小。childWidthMeasureSpec , childHeightMeasureSpec ?
child.onMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
}
Step 2、Step 3 代码也比较好理解,但问题是我们示例代码中widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec是如何
确定的呢?父View是如何设定其值的?
要想回答这个问题,我们看是去源代码里找找答案吧。在ViewGroup.java类中,为我们提供了三个方法,去设置
每个子View的大小,基本思想也如同我们之前描述的思想:遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。
主要有如下方法:
/**
* Ask all of the children of this view to measure themselves, taking into
* account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding.
* We skip children that are in the GONE state The heavy lifting is done in
* getChildMeasureSpec.
*/
//widthMeasureSpec 和 heightMeasureSpec 表示该父View的布局要求
//遍历每个子View,然后调用measureChild()方法去实现每个子View大小
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
final int size = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) { // 不处于 “GONE” 状态
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}
/**
* Ask one of the children of this view to measure itself, taking into
* account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding.
* The heavy lifting is done in getChildMeasureSpec.
*
* @param child The child to measure
* @param parentWidthMeasureSpec The width requirements for this view
* @param parentHeightMeasureSpec The height requirements for this view
*/
//测量每个子View高宽时,清楚了该View本身的边距大小,即android:padding属性 或android:paddingLeft等属性标记
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams(); // LayoutParams属性
//设置子View的childWidthMeasureSpec属性,去除了该父View的边距值 mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
//设置子View的childHeightMeasureSpec属性,去除了该父View的边距值 mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
measureChildren()方法:遍历所有子View,调用measureChild()方法去设置该子View的属性值。
measureChild() 方法 : 获取特定子View的widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec,调用measure()方法
设置子View的实际宽高值。
getChildMeasureSpec()就是获取子View的widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec值。
/**
* Does the hard part of measureChildren: figuring out the MeasureSpec to
* pass to a particular child. This method figures out the right MeasureSpec
* for one dimension (height or width) of one child view.
*
* The goal is to combine information from our MeasureSpec with the
* LayoutParams of the child to get the best possible results.
*/
// spec参数 表示该父View本身所占的widthMeasureSpec 或 heightMeasureSpec值
// padding参数 表示该父View的边距大小,见于android:padding属性 或android:paddingLeft等属性标记
// childDimension参数 表示该子View内部LayoutParams属性的值,可以是wrap_content、match_parent、一个精确指(an exactly size),
// 例如:由android:width指定等。
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec); //获得父View的mode
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec); //获得父View的实际值
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding); //父View为子View设定的大小,减去边距值,
int resultSize = 0; //子View对应地 size 实际值 ,由下面的逻辑条件赋值
int resultMode = 0; //子View对应地 mode 值 , 由下面的逻辑条件赋值
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
//1、父View是EXACTLY的 !
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
//1.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size)
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。
}
//1.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT
else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。
}
//1.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT
else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST 。
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
//2、父View是AT_MOST的 !
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
//2.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size)
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。
}
//2.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT
else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST
}
//2.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT
else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
//3、父View是UNSPECIFIED的 !
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
//3.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size)
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY
}
//3.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT
else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = 0; //size为0! ,其值未定
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; //mode为 UNSPECIFIED
}
//3.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT
else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = 0; //size为0! ,其值未定
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; //mode为 UNSPECIFIED
}
break;
}
//根据上面逻辑条件获取的mode和size构建MeasureSpec对象。
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
为了便于分析,我将上面的逻辑判断语句使用列表项进行了说明.
getChildMeasureSpec()方法的主要功能如下:
根据父View的measureSpec值(widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec)值以及子View的子View内部
LayoutParams属性值,共同决定子View的measureSpec值的大小。主要判断条件主要为MeasureSpec的mode
类型以及LayoutParams的宽高实际值(lp.width,lp.height),见于以上所贴代码中的列表项: 1、 1.1 ; 1.2 ; 1.3 ;
2、2.1等。
例如,分析列表3:假设当父View为MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED类型,即未定义时,只有当子View的width
或height指定时,其mode才为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY,否者该View size为 0 ,mode为MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED时
,即处于未指定状态。
由此可以得出, 每个View大小的设定都事由其父View以及该View共同决定的。但这只是一个期望的大小,每个
View在测量时最终大小的设定是由setMeasuredDimension()最终决定的。因此,最终确定一个View的“测量长宽“是
由以下几个方面影响:
1、父View的MeasureSpec属性;
2、子View的LayoutParams属性 ;
3、setMeasuredDimension()或者其它类似设定 mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight 值的方法。
setMeasuredDimension()原型:
//设置View在measure过程中宽和高
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; //设置了MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记
}
将上面列表项转换为表格为:
这张表格更能帮助我们分析View的MeasureSpec的确定条件关系。
为了帮助大家理解,下面我们分析某个窗口使用地xml布局文件,我们弄清楚该xml布局文件中每个View的
MeasureSpec值的组成。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/llayout"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView android:id="@+id/tv"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello" />
</LinearLayout>
该布局文件共有两个View: ①、id为llayout的LinearLayout布局控件 ;
②、id为tv的TextView控件。
假设LinearLayout的父View对应地widthSpec和heightSpec值皆为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY类型(Activity窗口
的父View为DecorView,具体原因见第三部分说明)。
对LinearLayout而言比较简单,由于 android:layout_width="match_parent",因此其width对应地widthSpec
mode值为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY , size由父视图大小指定 ; 由于android:layout_height = "match_parent",
因此其height对应地heightSpec mode值为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY,size由父视图大小指定 ;
对TextView而言 ,其父View为LinearLayout的widthSpec和heightSpec值皆为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY类型,
由于android:layout_width="match_parent" , 因此其width对应地widthSpec mode值为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY,
size由父视图大小指定 ; 由于android:layout_width="wrap_content" , 因此其height对应地widthSpec mode值为
MeasureSpec.AT_MOST,size由父视图大小指定 。
我们继续窥测下LinearLayout类是如何进行measure过程的:
public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup {
...
@Override //onMeasure方法。
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//判断是垂直方向还是水平方向,这儿我们假设是VERTICAL垂直方向,
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
} else {
measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
//垂直方向布局
void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
mTotalLength = 0; //该LinearLayout测量子View时的总高度。
float totalWeight = 0; //所有子View的权重和 , android:layout_weight
int maxWidth = 0; //保存子View中最大width值
...
final int count = getVirtualChildCount(); //子View的个数
final int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
...
// See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width.
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
...
LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
totalWeight += lp.weight;
//满足该条件地View会在该LinearLayout有剩余高度时,才真正调用measure()
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {
...
} else {
int oldHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
//如果View的hight值为0,并且设置了android:layout_weight属性,重新纠正其height值为WRAP_CONTENT
if (lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {
oldHeight = 0;
lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
}
// Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or
// previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to
// use all available space (and we will shrink things later
// if needed).
//对每个子View调用measure()方法
measureChildBeforeLayout(
child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec,
totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0);
//这三行代码做了如下两件事情:
//1、获得该View的measuredHeight值,每个View都会根据他们地属性正确设置值 > 0 ;
//2、更新mTotalLength值:取当前高度mTotalLength值与mTotalLength + childHeight 的最大值
// 于是对于android:layout_height="wrap_height"属性地LinearLayout控件也就知道了它的确切高度值了。
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +
lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
...
}
final int margin = lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin;
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth);
...
}
//后续还有很多处理,包括继续measure()某些符合条件地子View
...
}
void measureChildBeforeLayout(View child, int childIndex,
int widthMeasureSpec, int totalWidth, int heightMeasureSpec,
int totalHeight) {
//调用measureChildWithMargins()方法去设置子View大小
measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, totalWidth,
heightMeasureSpec, totalHeight);
}
...
}
继续看看measureChildWithMargins()方法,该方法定义在ViewGroup.java内,基本流程同于measureChild()方法,但添加了对子View Margin的处理,即:android:margin属性或者android:marginLeft等属性的处理。
measureChildWithMargins@ViewGroup.java
/**
* Ask one of the children of this view to measure itself, taking into
* account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding
* and margins. The child must have MarginLayoutParams The heavy lifting is
* done in getChildMeasureSpec.
*/
//基本流程同于measureChild()方法,但添加了对子View Margin的处理,即:android:margin属性或者android:marginLeft等属性的处理
//widthUsed参数 表示该父View已经使用的宽度
//heightUsed参数 表示该父View已经使用的高度
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
//获得子View的childWidthMeasureSpec和childHeightMeasureSpec值
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
+ widthUsed, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
+ heightUsed, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
measure()过程时,LinearLayout类做了如下事情 :
1、遍历每个子View,对其调用measure()方法;
2、子View measure()完成后,需要取得该子View地宽高实际值,继而做处理(例如:LinearLayout属性为
android:widht="wrap_content"时,LinearLayout的实际width值则是每个子View的width值的累加值)。
2.2 WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT以及measure动机揭秘
子View地宽高实际值 ,即child.getMeasuredWidth()值得返回最终会是一个确定值? 难道WRAP_CONTENT(
其值为-2) 、MATCH_PARENT(值为-1)或者说一个具体值(an exactly size > 0)。前面我们说过,View最终“测量”值的
确定是有三个部分组成地:
①、父View的MeasureSpec属性;
②、子View的LayoutParams属性 ;
③、setMeasuredDimension()或者其它类似设定 mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight 值的方法。
因此,一个View必须以某种合适地方法确定它地最终大小。例如,如下自定义View:
//自定义View
public Class MyView extends View {
//针对不同地mode值,设置本View地大小
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec){
//获得父View传递给我们地测量需求
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int width = 0 ;
int height = 0 ;
//对UNSPECIFIED 则抛出异常
if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED || heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)
throw new RuntimeException("widthMode or heightMode cannot be UNSPECIFIED");
//精确指定
if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){
width = 100 ;
}
//模糊指定
else if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST )
width = 50 ;
//精确指定
if(heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){
height = 100 ;
}
//模糊指定
else if(heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST )
height = 50 ;
setMeasuredDimension(width , height) ;
}
}
该View的mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight值。
对于TextView而言,如果它地mode不是Exactly类型 , 它会根据一些属性,例如:android:textStyle
、android:textSizeandroid:typeface等去确定TextView类地需要占用地长和宽。
因此,如果你地自定义View必须手动对不同mode做出处理。否则,则是mode对你而言是无效的。
Android框架中提供地一系列View/ViewGroup都需要去进行这个measure()过程地 ,因为在layout()过程中,父
View需要调用getMeasuredWidth()或getMeasuredHeight()去为每个子View设置他们地布局坐标,只有确定布局
坐标后,才能真正地将该View 绘制(draw)出来,否则该View的layout大小为0,得不到期望效果。我们继续看看
LinearLayout的layout布局过程:
public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup {
...
@Override //layout 过程
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
//假定是垂直方向布局
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
layoutVertical();
} else {
layoutHorizontal();
}
}
//对每个子View调用layout过程
void layoutVertical() {
...
final int count = getVirtualChildCount();
...
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) { //一般为非null
childTop += measureNullChild(i);
} else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
//获得子View测量时的实际宽高值,
final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
...
// 封装了child.layout()方法,见如下
setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
childWidth, childHeight);
childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
}
}
//width = getMeasuredWidth() ; height = childHeight(); View的大小就是测量大小
private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
}
...
}
对一个View进行measure操作地主要目的就是为了确定该View地布局大小,见上面所示代码。但measure操作
通常是耗时的,因此对自定义ViewGroup而言,我们可以自由控制measure、layout过程,如果我们知道如何layout
一个View,我们可以跳过该ViewGroup地measure操作(onMeasure()方法中measure所有子View地),直接去layout
在前面一篇博客<<Android中滑屏初探 ---- scrollTo 以及 scrollBy方法使用说明>>中,我们自定义了一个 ViewGroup, 并且重写了onMeasure()和onLayout()方法去分别操作每个View。就该ViewGroup而言,我们只需要
重写onLayout()操作即可,因为我们知道如何layout每个子View。如下代码所示:
//自定义ViewGroup , 包含了三个LinearLayout控件,存放在不同的布局位置
public class MultiViewGroup extends ViewGroup {
private void init() {
// 初始化3个 LinearLayout控件
LinearLayout oneLL = new LinearLayout(mContext);
oneLL.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
addView(oneLL);
...
}
@Override
// 我们知晓每个子View的layout布局大小,因此我们不需要为每个子View进行measure()操作了。
// protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
// setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
// // 设置该ViewGroup的大小
// int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
// int height = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
// int childCount = getChildCount();
// for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
// View child = getChildAt(i);
// // 设置每个子视图的大小 , 即全屏
// child.measure(MultiScreenActivity.screenWidth, MultiScreenActivity.scrrenHeight);
// }
}
// layout过程
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.i(TAG, "--- start onLayout --");
int startLeft = 0; // 每个子视图的起始布局坐标
int startTop = 10; // 间距设置为10px 相当于 android:marginTop= "10px"
int childCount = getChildCount();
Log.i(TAG, "--- onLayout childCount is -->" + childCount);
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
View child = getChildAt(i);
child.layout(startLeft, startTop,
startLeft + MultiScreenActivity.screenWidth,
startTop + MultiScreenActivity.scrrenHeight);
startLeft = startLeft + MultiScreenActivity.screenWidth ; //校准每个子View的起始布局位置
//三个子视图的在屏幕中的分布如下 [0 , 320] / [320,640] / [640,960]
}
}
}
更多关于自定义ViewGroup无须重写measure动作的,可以参考 Android API :
中文翻译见于:<< Android中View绘制优化之三---- 优化View>>
3、root View被添加至窗口时,UI框架是如何设置其LayoutParams值
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello"
/>
</LinearLayout>
//显示一个悬浮窗吧 , just so so
public void showView()
{
//解析布局文件
LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
//rootView对应地LayoutParams属性值为null,将会在UI绘制时设定其值
View rootView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.main, null);
WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager)getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
//设置WindowManager.LayoutParams参数值,作为该窗口的各种属性
WindowManager.LayoutParams winparams = WindowManager.LayoutParams();
// 以屏幕左上角为原点,设置x、y初始值
winparams.x = 0;
winparams.y = 0;
//设置悬浮窗口长宽数据
winparams.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;;
winparams.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;;
windowManager.addView(rootView, winparams);
}
关于WindowManager的使用请看如下博客 :
关于WindowManager.LayoutParams类说明请看如下博客:
下面,我们从获得WindowManager对象引用开始,一步步观察addView()做了一些什么事情。
Step 1 、获得WindowManager对象服务 ,具体实现类在ContextImpl.java内中
路径: /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
@Override
public Object getSystemService(String name) {
if (WINDOW_SERVICE.equals(name)) {
return WindowManagerImpl.getDefault();
}
...
}
WindowManager是个接口,具体返回对象则是WindowManagerImpl的单例对象。
public class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager{
public static WindowManagerImpl getDefault()
{
return mWindowManager;
}
//以特定Window属性添加一个窗口
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params)
{
addView(view, params, false);
}
//参数nest表示该窗口是不是一个字窗口
private void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params, boolean nest)
{ ...
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;
ViewRoot root;
View panelParentView = null; //该子窗口对应地父窗口View
synchronized (this) {
...//需要对传递过来地参数进行检测...
//对每个窗口皆构建一个ViewRoot对象
root = new ViewRoot(view.getContext());
root.mAddNesting = 1;
//设置root View 的LayoutParams为wparams,即WindowManager.LayoutParams类型
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
...//对参数检测,以及拷贝原有数组...
//将窗口对应地view、root、wparams保存在属性集合中
mViews[index] = view;
mRoots[index] = root;
mParams[index] = wparams;
}
// do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
// 调用ViewRoot对象去通知系统添加一个窗口
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
}
...
//这三个数组分别保存了一个窗口对应地属性
private View[] mViews; //root View对象 , View类型
private ViewRoot[] mRoots; //ViewRoot类型 , 与WMS通信
private WindowManager.LayoutParams[] mParams; //窗口属性
//WindowManagerImpl实现了单例模式
private static WindowManagerImpl mWindowManager = new WindowManagerImpl();
}
WindowManagerImpl类的三个数组集合保存了每个窗口相关属性,这样我们可以通过这些属性去操作特定的
public final class ViewRoot extends Handler implements ViewParent,View.AttachInfo.Callbacks {
View mView; //所有窗口地root View
final WindowManager.LayoutParams mWindowAttributes = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
...
/**
* We have one child
*/
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
View panelParentView) {
synchronized (this) {
if (mView == null) {
mView = view;
mWindowAttributes.copyFrom(attrs); //保存WindowManager.LayoutParams属性值
attrs = mWindowAttributes;
...
mAdded = true;
int res; /* = WindowManagerImpl.ADD_OKAY; */
// Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window
// manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving
// any other events from the system.
requestLayout(); //请求UI开始绘制。
mInputChannel = new InputChannel(); //创建一个InputChannel对象,接受消息
try {
//通知WindowManagerService添加一个窗口
res = sWindowSession.add(mWindow, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mAttachInfo.mContentInsets,
mInputChannel);
}
...
view.assignParent(this); //将root View的父View设置为该ViewRoot对象(实现了ViewParent接口)
...
}
}
}
}
说明:ViewRoot类继承了Handler,实现了ViewParent接口
1、保存相关属性值,例如:mView、mWindowAttributes等;
2、调用requestLayout()方法请求UI绘制,由于ViewRoot是个Handler对象,异步请求;
3、通知WindowManagerService添加一个窗口;
4、注册一个事件监听管道,用来监听:按键(KeyEvent)和触摸(MotionEvent)事件。
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
public void requestLayout() {
checkThread(); //检查是不是UI线程调用,如果不是UI线程,会报异常
mLayoutRequested = true; //置为真,表示需要进行measure和layout过程
scheduleTraversals();
}
//开始UI绘制流程
public void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true; //防止多次调用
sendEmptyMessage(DO_TRAVERSAL); //异步请求UI绘制
}
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case DO_TRAVERSAL:
performTraversals(); //开始UI绘制
break;
}
}
private void performTraversals() {
// cache mView since it is used so much below...
final View host = mView;
mTraversalScheduled = false;
boolean surfaceChanged = false;
WindowManager.LayoutParams lp = mWindowAttributes;
int desiredWindowWidth; //表示该窗口期望width值
int desiredWindowHeight; //表示该窗口期望width值
int childWidthMeasureSpec; //保存root View的widthMeasureSpec
int childHeightMeasureSpec; //保存root View的heightMeasureSpec
final View.AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
final int viewVisibility = getHostVisibility();
boolean viewVisibilityChanged = mViewVisibility != viewVisibility
|| mNewSurfaceNeeded;
float appScale = mAttachInfo.mApplicationScale;
WindowManager.LayoutParams params = null;
if (mWindowAttributesChanged) {
mWindowAttributesChanged = false;
surfaceChanged = true;
params = lp;
}
Rect frame = mWinFrame;
if (mFirst) { //mFirst表示是否是第一次绘制该Window
fullRedrawNeeded = true;
mLayoutRequested = true;
DisplayMetrics packageMetrics =
mView.getContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
//第一次绘制时desiredWindowWidth,desiredWindowHeight 值大小为屏幕大小
desiredWindowWidth = packageMetrics.widthPixels;
desiredWindowHeight = packageMetrics.heightPixels;
...
} else { //不是第一次绘制,则desiredWindowWidth值为frame保存大小,frame值会由WMS填充
desiredWindowWidth = frame.width();
desiredWindowHeight = frame.height();
...
}
...
boolean insetsChanged = false;
if (mLayoutRequested) {
...//获得root View的widthMeasureSpec 和 heightMeasureSpec值
childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width);
childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);
//开始measure过程
host.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
...
final boolean didLayout = mLayoutRequested;
boolean triggerGlobalLayoutListener = didLayout
|| attachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes;
if (didLayout) {
... //layout过程
host.layout(0, 0, host.mMeasuredWidth, host.mMeasuredHeight);
...
}
...
if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) {
mFullRedrawNeeded = false;
draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
...
}
/**
* @param windowSize The available width or height of the window
*
* @param rootDimension The layout params for one dimension (width or height) of the window.
*/
private int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
int measureSpec;
switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
// Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
break;
default:
// Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
}
return measureSpec;
}