ThreadLocal是一个线程内部的数据存储类,通过它可以在指定的线程中存储数据。数据存储以后,只有在指定的线程中才能获取到数据,其他线程则无法获取到数据。所以ThreadLocal用于存储一些以线程为作用域、不同线程具有不同的数据副本的数据。一个典型的使用场景:
ThreadLocal<Boolean> mThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);
mThreadLocal.set(true);
Log.i("ruxing", "ThreadLocal存储结果是:" + mThreadLocal.get());
new Thread("thread1") {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
mThreadLocal.set(false);
Log.i("ruxing", "ThreadLocal存储结果是:" + mThreadLocal.get());
}
}.start();
new Thread("thread2") {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
Log.i("ruxing", "ThreadLocal存储结果是:" + mThreadLocal.get());
}
}.start();
}
打印结果是:
可以看到,不同线程访问同一个ThreadLocal对象之后取到的值是不一样的。具体原因是:
1、每一个线程都有一个ThreadLocal下的ThreadLocalMap对象threadLocals:
Thread.java
/* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
* by the ThreadLocal class. */
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
2、ThreadLocal调用get方法存储数据的时候,首先获取当前线程下的ThreadLocalMap对象,如果当前线程下的ThreadLocalMap对象为空,创建ThreadLocalMap对象并赋值给线程的成员变量threadLocals,如果不为空直接存储数据。
ThreadLocal.set():
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
2.1、ThreadLocalMap对象为空,创建ThreadLocalMap对象:创建一个长度为INITIAL_CAPACITY=16的table数组,用于存储当前线程下所有的ThreadLocal实例对象数据。因为ThreadLocalMap是static,所以每个线程中
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap构造方法:
ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {
table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
size = 1;
setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
2.2、ThreadLocalMap对象不为空,调用ThreadLocalMap.set()方法存储数据,将数据存储到ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap的table数组中。
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap.set():
private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {
// We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
// least as common to use set() to create new entries as
// it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
// path would fail more often than not.
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
for (Entry e = tab[i];
e != null;
e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == key) {
e.value = value;
return;
}
if (k == null) {
replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
return;
}
}
tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
int sz = ++size;
if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
rehash();
}
通过2.1、2.2,可以看到,ThreadLocal存储数据的原理其实就是向ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap下的table数组中存储数据,由于ThreadLocalMap定义的是static类型的,所以同一个线程内所有创建的ThreadLocal对象都共用一个table数组,存储在table数组的不同位置,存储时的key值就是ThreadLocal对象的HashCode;不同线程访问的是不同的table数组,将数据存储在不同的table数组中。
3、ThreadLocal调用get方法读取数据的时候,也是读取的ThreadLocalMap中的table数组中的值,这就保证了不同线程之间获取的值不同。
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
通过以上可以知道:
1)同一线程内所有的ThreadLocal对象存储的数据都放在同一个table数组中;
2)不同线程有不同的table数组存储数据。