oracle 之 commit的使用



DML语言，比如update，delete，insert等修改表中数据的需要commit;
DDL语言，比如create，drop等改变表结构的，就不需要写commit（因为内部隐藏了commit）;

DDL 数据定义语言：
create table 创建表  
alter table 修改表  
drop table 删除表  
truncate table 删除表中所有行  
create index 创建索引  
drop index 删除索引
当执行DDL语句时，在每一条语句前后，oracle都将提交当前的事务。如果用户使用insert命令将记录插入到数据库后，执行了一条DDL语句(如create
table)，此时来自insert命令的数据将被提交到数据库。当DDL语句执行完成时，DDL语句会被自动提交，不能回滚。

DML 数据操作语言：
insert 将记录插入到数据库 
update 修改数据库的记录 
delete 删除数据库的记录
当执行DML命令如果没有提交，将不会被其他会话看到。除非在DML命令之后执行了DDL命令或DCL命令，或用户退出会话，或终止实例，此时系统会自动
发出commit命令，使未提交的DML命令提交。


DDL  Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples:

CREATE - to create objects in the database

ALTER - alters the structure of the database

DROP - delete objects from the database

TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed

COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary

RENAME - rename an object

DML Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:

SELECT - retrieve data from the a database

INSERT - insert data into a table

UPDATE - updates existing data within a table

DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain

MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)

CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram

EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data

LOCK TABLE - control concurrency

DCL Data Control Language (DCL) statements. Some examples:

GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database

REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command

TCL Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions.

COMMIT - save work done

SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back

ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT

SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback segment to use