Linux 编程之【线程】同步与互斥

1) 同步信号量sem
   sem_init();
   sem_post();
   sem_wait()
   sem_destroy();
   
   pthread_1: sem_post();
   pthread_2: sem_wait();
  
2) 互斥量mutex
   pthread_mutex_init();
   pthread_mutex_lock();
   pthread_mutex_unlock();
   pthread_mutex_destroy();  
   
   pthread_1: pthread_mutex_lock();
                       pthread_mutex_unlock();
   pthread_2: pthread_mutex_lock();
                       pthread_mutex_unlock();
                       
3) 读写锁rwlock
   pthread_rwlock_init();   
   pthread_rwlock_rdlock();
   pthread_rwlock_wdlock();
   pthread_rwlock_unlock();
   pthread_rwlock_destroy();   
   
   pthread_1: pthread_rwlock_rdlock();
                       pthread_rwlock_unlock();
   pthread_2: pthread_rwlock_rdlock();
                       pthread_rwlock_unlock();          
   ......
   pthread_n: pthread_rwlock_wdlock();
                       pthread_rwlock_unlock();  
              
若要实现同步，在实际编程中应该尽可能使用同步信号量而不要使用互斥量。
互斥量会造成轮询死等状态，效率很低。

互斥量适用于需要保护的临界区在两线程间的应用没有同步关系，只是互斥。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>

sem_t g_sem;

#define SIZE 1024
char g_Word[SIZE] = {0};

void *t_Func(void *arg)
{
    pthread_t tid_self;
	
    tid_self = pthread_self();
	
    sem_wait(&g_sem);
    while(strncmp("end", g_Word, 3) != 0)
    {
        printf("[%lu] Input %d characters\r\n", tid_self, (strlen(g_Word)-1));
        sem_wait(&g_sem);
    }
	
    return NULL;
}

int main()
{
    int re;
    pthread_t tid, tid_self;
    void *t_result;
	
    tid_self = pthread_self();
	
    re = sem_init(&g_sem, 0, 0);
    if(0!= re)
    {
	perror("Semaphore initialization failled");
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
	
    re = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, t_Func, NULL);
    if(0 != re)
    {
	perror("Thread create failled");
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
	
    printf("[%lu] Input some text. Enter 'end' finish \r\n", tid_self);
    while(strncmp("end",g_Word, 3) != 0)
    {
	fgets(g_Word, SIZE, stdin);
	sem_post(&g_sem);
    }
	
    printf("[%lu] Wait for child thread to finish ...\r\n", tid_self);
    re = pthread_join(tid, &t_result);
    if(0!= re)
    {
	perror("Child pthread join failled");
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
	
    printf("[%lu] Child pthread joined \r\n", tid_self);
    sem_destroy(&g_sem);
	
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

上述代码执行结果：
# gcc -o sem pthread_sem.c -lpthread
# ./sem 
[3076306624] Input some text. Enter 'end' finish 
rqrq
[3076303680] Input 4 characters
r23333t4
[3076303680] Input 8 characters
end
[3076306624] Wait for child thread to finish ...
[3076306624] Child pthread joined

参考《Linux 程序设计》