IO流-9.转换流InputStreamReader和OutputStreamWriter

1.介绍

有时候，我们需要把字节流转成字符流，就需要用到转换流。

2.乱码案例

这里读取的文件编码不是utf-8

public static void main(String[] args) {
        //首先读取文件
        //1.首先创建字符流输入
        //2.使用处理流
        //3.默认情况下,读取文件是按照UTF-8读取编码
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;

        try {
            String readL = "";
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("d:\\news3.txt"));
            while ((readL=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
                System.out.println(readL);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if(bufferedReader!=null){
                    bufferedReader.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

2.转换流

1. InputStreamReader是Reader的子类，可以将InputStream（字节流）包装成Reader（字符流）；
2. OutputStreamWriter是Writer的子类，实现将OutputStream（字节流）包装成Writer（字符流）；
3. 当处理纯文本数据时，如果使用字符流效率更高，并且可以有效解决中文问题，所以建议将字节流转换成字符流。
4. 可以在使用时指定编码格式（比如utf-8，gbk，gb2312，ISO8859-1等）

1.代码案例

1.输入

 @Test
    public void buff(){

        //字节流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
        //字符流
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
        //处理流
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;

        //1.把FileInputStream转成InputStreamReader
        //2.指定编码 gbk
        //3.把InputStreamReader传入BufferedReader->提高效率
        try {
            String readL = "";
            fileInputStream= new FileInputStream("d:\\news3.txt");
            inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream,"gbk");
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            while ((readL=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
                System.out.println(readL);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fileInputStream!=null){
                try {
                    fileInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if (inputStreamReader!=null){
                try {
                    inputStreamReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if(bufferedReader!=null){
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }

2.输出

    @Test
    public void out() throws IOException{

        OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = null;

        outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(
                                 new FileOutputStream("d:\\news4.txt"),"gbk");

        outputStreamWriter.write("车上车少仙鹤股份公司的");

        outputStreamWriter.close();
    }