目前在Java中用于解析XML的技术很多,主流的有DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j,下文主要介绍这4种解析XML文档技术的使用、优缺点及性能测试。
一、【基础知识——扫盲】
sax、dom是两种对xml文档进行解析的方法(没有具体实现,只是接口),所以只有它们是无法解析xml文档的;jaxp只是api,它进一步封装了sax、dom两种接口,并且提供了DomcumentBuilderFactory/DomcumentBuilder和SAXParserFactory/SAXParser(默认使用xerces解释器)。二、【DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j简单使用介绍】
1、【DOM(Document Object Model) 】由W3C提供的接口,它将整个XML文档读入内存,构建一个DOM树来对各个节点(Node)进行操作。
示例代码:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <university name="pku">
- <college name="c1">
- <class name="class1">
- <student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
- <student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
- <student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
- </class>
- <class name="class2">
- <student name="stu4" sex='male' age="19" />
- <student name="stu5" sex='female' age="20" />
- <student name="stu6" sex='female' age="21" />
- </class>
- </college>
- <college name="c2">
- <class name="class3">
- <student name="stu7" sex='male' age="20" />
- </class>
- </college>
- <college name="c3">
- </college>
- </university>
- package test.xml;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
- import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
- import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
- import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
- import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
- import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
- import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
- import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
- import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
- import org.w3c.dom.Document;
- import org.w3c.dom.Element;
- import org.w3c.dom.Node;
- import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
- import org.w3c.dom.Text;
- import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
- /**
- * dom读写xml
- * @author whwang
- */
- public class TestDom {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- read();
- //write();
- }
- public static void read() {
- DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
- try {
- DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
- InputStream in = TestDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- Document doc = builder.parse(in);
- // root <university>
- Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
- if (root == null) return;
- System.err.println(root.getAttribute("name"));
- // all college node
- NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
- if (collegeNodes == null) return;
- for(int i = 0; i < collegeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
- Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
- if (college != null && college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
- System.err.println("\t" + college.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
- // all class node
- NodeList classNodes = college.getChildNodes();
- if (classNodes == null) continue;
- for (int j = 0; j < classNodes.getLength(); j++) {
- Node clazz = classNodes.item(j);
- if (clazz != null && clazz.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
- System.err.println("\t\t" + clazz.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
- // all student node
- NodeList studentNodes = clazz.getChildNodes();
- if (studentNodes == null) continue;
- for (int k = 0; k < studentNodes.getLength(); k++) {
- Node student = studentNodes.item(k);
- if (student != null && student.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
- System.err.print("\t\t\t" + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
- System.err.print(" " + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("sex").getNodeValue());
- System.err.println(" " + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("age").getNodeValue());
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SAXException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void write() {
- DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
- try {
- DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
- InputStream in = TestDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- Document doc = builder.parse(in);
- // root <university>
- Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
- if (root == null) return;
- // 修改属性
- root.setAttribute("name", "tsu");
- NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
- if (collegeNodes != null) {
- for (int i = 0; i <collegeNodes.getLength() - 1; i++) {
- // 删除节点
- Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
- if (college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
- String collegeName = college.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue();
- if ("c1".equals(collegeName) || "c2".equals(collegeName)) {
- root.removeChild(college);
- } else if ("c3".equals(collegeName)) {
- Element newChild = doc.createElement("class");
- newChild.setAttribute("name", "c4");
- college.appendChild(newChild);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- // 新增节点
- Element addCollege = doc.createElement("college");
- addCollege.setAttribute("name", "c5");
- root.appendChild(addCollege);
- Text text = doc.createTextNode("text");
- addCollege.appendChild(text);
- // 将修改后的文档保存到文件
- TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
- Transformer transFormer = transFactory.newTransformer();
- DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(doc);
- File file = new File("src/dom-modify.xml");
- if (file.exists()) {
- file.delete();
- }
- file.createNewFile();
- FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
- StreamResult xmlResult = new StreamResult(out);
- transFormer.transform(domSource, xmlResult);
- System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
- } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SAXException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (TransformerException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
2、【SAX (Simple API for XML) 】
SAX不用将整个文档加载到内存,基于事件驱动的API(Observer模式),用户只需要注册自己感兴趣的事件即可。SAX提供EntityResolver, DTDHandler, ContentHandler, ErrorHandler接口,分别用于监听解析实体事件、DTD处理事件、正文处理事件和处理出错事件,与AWT类似,SAX还提供了一个对这4个接口默认的类DefaultHandler(这里的默认实现,其实就是一个空方法),一般只要继承DefaultHandler,重写自己感兴趣的事件即可。
示例代码:
- package test.xml;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
- import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
- import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
- import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
- import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
- import org.xml.sax.Locator;
- import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
- import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
- import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
- /**
- *
- * @author whwang
- */
- public class TestSAX {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- read();
- write();
- }
- public static void read() {
- try {
- SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
- SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
- InputStream in = TestSAX.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- parser.parse(in, new MyHandler());
- } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SAXException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void write() {
- System.err.println("纯SAX对于写操作无能为力");
- }
- }
- // 重写对自己感兴趣的事件处理方法
- class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler {
- @Override
- public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId)
- throws IOException, SAXException {
- return super.resolveEntity(publicId, systemId);
- }
- @Override
- public void notationDecl(String name, String publicId, String systemId)
- throws SAXException {
- super.notationDecl(name, publicId, systemId);
- }
- @Override
- public void unparsedEntityDecl(String name, String publicId,
- String systemId, String notationName) throws SAXException {
- super.unparsedEntityDecl(name, publicId, systemId, notationName);
- }
- @Override
- public void setDocumentLocator(Locator locator) {
- super.setDocumentLocator(locator);
- }
- @Override
- public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
- System.err.println("开始解析文档");
- }
- @Override
- public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
- System.err.println("解析结束");
- }
- @Override
- public void startPrefixMapping(String prefix, String uri)
- throws SAXException {
- super.startPrefixMapping(prefix, uri);
- }
- @Override
- public void endPrefixMapping(String prefix) throws SAXException {
- super.endPrefixMapping(prefix);
- }
- @Override
- public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
- Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
- System.err.print("Element: " + qName + ", attr: ");
- print(attributes);
- }
- @Override
- public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
- throws SAXException {
- super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
- }
- @Override
- public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
- throws SAXException {
- super.characters(ch, start, length);
- }
- @Override
- public void ignorableWhitespace(char[] ch, int start, int length)
- throws SAXException {
- super.ignorableWhitespace(ch, start, length);
- }
- @Override
- public void processingInstruction(String target, String data)
- throws SAXException {
- super.processingInstruction(target, data);
- }
- @Override
- public void skippedEntity(String name) throws SAXException {
- super.skippedEntity(name);
- }
- @Override
- public void warning(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
- super.warning(e);
- }
- @Override
- public void error(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
- super.error(e);
- }
- @Override
- public void fatalError(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
- super.fatalError(e);
- }
- private void print(Attributes attrs) {
- if (attrs == null) return;
- System.err.print("[");
- for (int i = 0; i < attrs.getLength(); i++) {
- System.err.print(attrs.getQName(i) + " = " + attrs.getValue(i));
- if (i != attrs.getLength() - 1) {
- System.err.print(", ");
- }
- }
- System.err.println("]");
- }
- }
JDOM与DOM非常类似,它是处理XML的纯JAVA API,API大量使用了Collections类,且JDOM仅使用具体类而不使用接口。 JDOM 它自身不包含解析器。它通常使用 SAX2 解析器来解析和验证输入 XML 文档(尽管它还可以将以前构造的 DOM 表示作为输入)。它包含一些转换器以将 JDOM 表示输出成 SAX2 事件流、DOM 模型或 XML 文本文档
示例代码:
- package test.xml;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.jdom.Attribute;
- import org.jdom.Document;
- import org.jdom.Element;
- import org.jdom.JDOMException;
- import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
- import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
- /**
- * JDom读写xml
- * @author whwang
- */
- public class TestJDom {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- //read();
- write();
- }
- public static void read() {
- try {
- boolean validate = false;
- SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(validate);
- InputStream in = TestJDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- Document doc = builder.build(in);
- // 获取根节点 <university>
- Element root = doc.getRootElement();
- readNode(root, "");
- } catch (JDOMException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public static void readNode(Element root, String prefix) {
- if (root == null) return;
- // 获取属性
- List<Attribute> attrs = root.getAttributes();
- if (attrs != null && attrs.size() > 0) {
- System.err.print(prefix);
- for (Attribute attr : attrs) {
- System.err.print(attr.getValue() + " ");
- }
- System.err.println();
- }
- // 获取他的子节点
- List<Element> childNodes = root.getChildren();
- prefix += "\t";
- for (Element e : childNodes) {
- readNode(e, prefix);
- }
- }
- public static void write() {
- boolean validate = false;
- try {
- SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(validate);
- InputStream in = TestJDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- Document doc = builder.build(in);
- // 获取根节点 <university>
- Element root = doc.getRootElement();
- // 修改属性
- root.setAttribute("name", "tsu");
- // 删除
- boolean isRemoved = root.removeChildren("college");
- System.err.println(isRemoved);
- // 新增
- Element newCollege = new Element("college");
- newCollege.setAttribute("name", "new_college");
- Element newClass = new Element("class");
- newClass.setAttribute("name", "ccccc");
- newCollege.addContent(newClass);
- root.addContent(newCollege);
- XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter();
- File file = new File("src/jdom-modify.xml");
- if (file.exists()) {
- file.delete();
- }
- file.createNewFile();
- FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
- out.output(doc, fos);
- } catch (JDOMException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
dom4j是目前在xml解析方面是最优秀的(Hibernate、Sun的JAXM也都使用dom4j来解析XML),它合并了许多超出基本 XML 文档表示的功能,包括集成的 XPath 支持、XML Schema 支持以及用于大文档或流化文档的基于事件的处理
示例代码:
- package test.xml;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileWriter;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.dom4j.Attribute;
- import org.dom4j.Document;
- import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
- import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
- import org.dom4j.Element;
- import org.dom4j.ProcessingInstruction;
- import org.dom4j.VisitorSupport;
- import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
- import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
- /**
- * Dom4j读写xml
- * @author whwang
- */
- public class TestDom4j {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- read1();
- //read2();
- //write();
- }
- public static void read1() {
- try {
- SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
- InputStream in = TestDom4j.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- Document doc = reader.read(in);
- Element root = doc.getRootElement();
- readNode(root, "");
- } catch (DocumentException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public static void readNode(Element root, String prefix) {
- if (root == null) return;
- // 获取属性
- List<Attribute> attrs = root.attributes();
- if (attrs != null && attrs.size() > 0) {
- System.err.print(prefix);
- for (Attribute attr : attrs) {
- System.err.print(attr.getValue() + " ");
- }
- System.err.println();
- }
- // 获取他的子节点
- List<Element> childNodes = root.elements();
- prefix += "\t";
- for (Element e : childNodes) {
- readNode(e, prefix);
- }
- }
- public static void read2() {
- try {
- SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
- InputStream in = TestDom4j.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- Document doc = reader.read(in);
- doc.accept(new MyVistor());
- } catch (DocumentException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void write() {
- try {
- // 创建一个xml文档
- Document doc = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
- Element university = doc.addElement("university");
- university.addAttribute("name", "tsu");
- // 注释
- university.addComment("这个是根节点");
- Element college = university.addElement("college");
- college.addAttribute("name", "cccccc");
- college.setText("text");
- File file = new File("src/dom4j-modify.xml");
- if (file.exists()) {
- file.delete();
- }
- file.createNewFile();
- XMLWriter out = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(file));
- out.write(doc);
- out.flush();
- out.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- class MyVistor extends VisitorSupport {
- public void visit(Attribute node) {
- System.out.println("Attibute: " + node.getName() + "="
- + node.getValue());
- }
- public void visit(Element node) {
- if (node.isTextOnly()) {
- System.out.println("Element: " + node.getName() + "="
- + node.getText());
- } else {
- System.out.println(node.getName());
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void visit(ProcessingInstruction node) {
- System.out.println("PI:" + node.getTarget() + " " + node.getText());
- }
- }
三、【性能测试】
环境:AMD4400+ 2.0+GHz主频 JDK6.0运行参数:-Xms400m -Xmx400m
xml文件大小:10.7M
结果:
DOM: >581297ms
SAX: 8829ms
JDOM: 581297ms
DOM4j: 5309ms
时间包括IO的,只是进行了简单的测试, 仅供参考!!!!
四、【对比】
1、【DOM】DOM是基于树的结构,通常需要加载整文档和构造DOM树,然后才能开始工作。
优点:
a、由于整棵树在内存中,因此可以对xml文档随机访问
b、可以对xml文档进行修改操作
c、较sax,dom使用也更简单。
缺点:
a、整个文档必须一次性解析完
a、由于整个文档都需要载入内存,对于大文档成本高
2、【SAX】
SAX类似流媒体,它基于事件驱动的,因此无需将整个文档载入内存,使用者只需要监听自己感兴趣的事件即可。
优点:
a、无需将整个xml文档载入内存,因此消耗内存少
b、可以注册多个ContentHandler
缺点:
a、不能随机的访问xml中的节点
b、不能修改文档
3、【JDOM】
JDOM是纯Java的处理XML的API,其API中大量使用Collections类,
优点:
a、DOM方式的优点
b、具有SAX的Java规则
缺点
a、DOM方式的缺点
4、【DOM4J】
这4中xml解析方式中,最优秀的一个,集易用和性能于一身。
五、【小插曲XPath】
XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言, 可用来在 XML 文档中对元素和属性进行遍历。XPath 是 W3C XSLT 标准的主要元素,并且 XQuery 和 XPointer 同时被构建于 XPath 表达之上。因此,对 XPath 的理解是很多高级 XML 应用的基础。XPath非常类似对数据库操作的SQL语言,或者说JQuery,它可以方便开发者抓起文档中需要的东西。(dom4j也支持xpath)
示例代码:
- package test.xml;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
- import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
- import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
- import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
- import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
- import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpression;
- import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
- import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
- import org.w3c.dom.Document;
- import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
- import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
- public class TestXPath {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- read();
- }
- public static void read() {
- try {
- DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
- DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
- InputStream in = TestXPath.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- Document doc = builder.parse(in);
- XPathFactory factory = XPathFactory.newInstance();
- XPath xpath = factory.newXPath();
- // 选取所有class元素的name属性
- // XPath语法介绍: http://w3school.com.cn/xpath/
- XPathExpression expr = xpath.compile("//class/@name");
- NodeList nodes = (NodeList) expr.evaluate(doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
- for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
- System.out.println("name = " + nodes.item(i).getNodeValue());
- }
- } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SAXException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
注意4种解析方法对TextNode(文本节点)的处理:
1、在使用DOM时,调用node.getChildNodes()获取该节点的子节点,文本节点也会被当作一个Node来返回,如:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <university name="pku">
- <college name="c1">
- <class name="class1">
- <student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
- <student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
- <student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
- </class>
- </college>
- </university>
- package test.xml;
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
- import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
- import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
- import org.w3c.dom.Document;
- import org.w3c.dom.Element;
- import org.w3c.dom.Node;
- import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
- import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
- /**
- * dom读写xml
- * @author whwang
- */
- public class TestDom2 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- read();
- }
- public static void read() {
- DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
- try {
- DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
- InputStream in = TestDom2.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
- Document doc = builder.parse(in);
- // root <university>
- Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
- if (root == null) return;
- // System.err.println(root.getAttribute("name"));
- // all college node
- NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
- if (collegeNodes == null) return;
- System.err.println("university子节点数:" + collegeNodes.getLength());
- System.err.println("子节点如下:");
- for(int i = 0; i < collegeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
- Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
- if (college == null) continue;
- if (college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
- System.err.println("\t元素节点:" + college.getNodeName());
- } else if (college.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
- System.err.println("\t文本节点:" + Arrays.toString(college.getTextContent().getBytes()));
- }
- }
- } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SAXException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- university子节点数:3
- 子节点如下:
- 文本节点:[10, 9]
- 元素节点:college
- 文本节点:[10]
其中\n的ASCII码为10,\t的ASCII码为9。结果让人大吃一惊,university的子节点数不是1,也不是2,而是3,这3个子节点都是谁呢?为了看得更清楚点,把xml文档改为:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <university name="pku">11
- <college name="c1">
- <class name="class1">
- <student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
- <student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
- <student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
- </class>
- </college>22
- </university>
- university子节点数:3
- 子节点如下:
- 文本节点:[49, 49, 10, 9]
- 元素节点:college
- 文本节点:[50, 50, 10]
2、使用SAX来解析同DOM,当你重写它的public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)方法时,你就能看到。
3、JDOM,调用node.getChildren()只返回子节点,不包括TextNode节点(不管该节点是否有Text信息)。如果要获取该节点的Text信息,可以调用node.getText()方法,该方法返回节点的Text信息,也包括\n\t等特殊字符。
4、DOM4j同JDOM
参考:
http://www.docin.com/p-78963650.html
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/b091f9360b4c2e3f5727638b.html
http://kree.iteye.com/blog/668280