android 从相册或相机获取图片并且裁剪 支持android 7.0

1.在res/xml目录中新建一个file_paths.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
    <files-path name="files" path="files" />
    <cache-path name="name" path="path" />
    <external-path name="external" path="." />
    <external-files-path name="name" path="path" />
    <external-cache-path name="name" path="path" />
</paths>

2.在清单文件中申明FileProvider

        <!-- 7.0文件权限 -->
        <provider
            android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="${applicationId}.fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
        </provider>

3.从相册获取图片

val intent = Intent()
intent.action = Intent.ACTION_PICK
intent.type = "image/*"
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_IMAGE)

4.从相机城乡获取图片

 private fun openCamera() {
        // 创建File对象，用于存储拍照后的图片
        val outputImage = File(externalCacheDir, "output_image.jpg")
        try {
            if (outputImage.exists()) {
                outputImage.delete()
            }
            outputImage.createNewFile()
        } catch (e: IOException) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }

        cameraImageUri = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
            Uri.fromFile(outputImage)
        } else {
            FileProvider.getUriForFile(this,
                    packageName + ".fileprovider",
                    outputImage)
        }
        // 启动相机程序
        val intent = Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE")
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, cameraImageUri)
        startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO)

    }

5.获取图片结果

 override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
        when (requestCode) {
            REQUEST_IMAGE -> run {
                if (data != null) {
                    val uri = data.data
                    cropPhoto(uri)
                }
            }
            PICTURE_CUT -> try {
                iv_head_activity_setting.setImageBitmap(
                        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(
                                ImageUtil.getImageAbsolutePath(this, outputUri)))
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                println("获取异常")
            }
            TAKE_PHOTO ->
                cropPhoto(cameraImageUri)
        }
    }

6.裁剪图片

/**
     * 裁剪图片
     */
    private fun cropPhoto(uri: Uri?) {
        if (uri == null) return
        // 创建File对象，用于存储裁剪后的图片，避免更改原图
        val file = File(externalCacheDir, "crop_head.jpg")
        try {
            if (file.exists()) {
                file.delete()
            }
            file.createNewFile()
        } catch (e: IOException) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }

        outputUri = Uri.fromFile(file)
        val intent = Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP")
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)
        }
        intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*")
        intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1)
        intent.putExtra("aspectY", 1)
        intent.putExtra("crop", "true")//可裁剪
        intent.putExtra("scale", true)//支持缩放
        intent.putExtra("return-data", false)
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, outputUri)
        intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString())//输出图片格式
        intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true)//取消人脸识别
        startActivityForResult(intent, PICTURE_CUT)
    }

7.通过Uri获取图片的真实地址

 /**
     * 根据Uri获取图片绝对路径，解决Android4.4以上版本Uri转换
     *
     * @param context
     * @param imageUri
     */
    @TargetApi(19)
    public static String getImageAbsolutePath(Context context, Uri imageUri) {
        if (context == null || imageUri == null)
            return null;
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, imageUri)) {
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(imageUri)) {
                String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                String[] split = docId.split(":");
                String type = split[0];
                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }
            } else if (isDownloadsDocument(imageUri)) {
                String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            } else if (isMediaDocument(imageUri)) {
                String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                String[] split = docId.split(":");
                String type = split[0];
                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=?";
                String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        } // MediaStore (and general)
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(imageUri))
                return imageUri.getLastPathSegment();
            return getDataColumn(context, imageUri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
            return imageUri.getPath();
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        String column = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA;
        String[] projection = {column};
        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }