使用Executors创建和管理线程

1. 类 Executors
此类中提供的一些方法有:
1.1 public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool()
创建一个可根据需要创建新线程的线程池,但是在以前构造的线程可用时将重用它们。对于执行很多短期异步任务的程序而言,这些线程池通常可提高程序性能。
 
1.2 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)
创建一个可重用固定线程数的线程池,以共享的无界队列方式来运行这些线程。
 
1.3 public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor()
创建一个使用单个 worker 线程的 Executor,以无界队列方式来运行该线程。
 
这三个方法都可以配合接口ThreadFactory的实例一起使用。并且返回一个ExecutorService接口的实例。
2. 接口 ThreadFactory
根据需要创建新线程的对象。使用线程工厂就无需再手工编写对 new Thread 的调用了,从而允许应用程序使用特殊的线程子类、属性等等。
此接口最简单的实现就是:
class SimpleThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
   public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
     return new Thread(r);
   }
 }
3. 接口ExecutorService
该接口提供了管理终止的方法。
4.创建标准线程池启动线程
4.1 提供一个简单的实现Runnable接口的线程
MyThread.java
package  com.zj.concurrency.executors;
 
public   class  MyThread  implements  Runnable {
     private   int   count  = 1,  number ;
 
     public  MyThread( int  num) {
        number  = num;
       System. out .println( "Create Thread-"  +  number );
    }
 
     public   void  run() {
        while  ( true ) {
           System. out .println( "Thread-"  +  number  +  " run "  +  count + " time(s)" );
            if  (++ count  == 3)
               return ;
       }
    }
}
这个线程会打印出相应的创建和执行信息。
 
4.2使用CachedThreadPool启动线程
CachedThreadPool.java
package  com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import  java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import  java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
public   class  CachedThreadPool {
     public   static   void  main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors. newCachedThreadPool();
        for  ( int  i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute( new  MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}
结果:
Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-4
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
 
4.3 使用FixedThreadPool启动线程
FixedThreadPool.java
package  com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import  java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import  java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
public   class  FixedThreadPool {
     public   static   void  main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors. newFixedThreadPool(2);
        for  ( int  i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute( new  MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}
结果:
Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Create Thread-4
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
 
4.4 使用SingleThreadExecutor启动线程
SingleThreadExecutor.java
package  com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import  java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import  java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
public   class  SingleThreadExecutor {
     public   static   void  main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors. newSingleThreadExecutor();
        for  ( int  i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute( new  MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}
结果:
Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Create Thread-4
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
5.配合ThreadFactory接口的使用
我们试图给线程加入daemon和priority的属性设置。
5.1设置后台线程属性
DaemonThreadFactory.java
package  com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import  java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 
public   class  DaemonThreadFactory  implements  ThreadFactory {
     public  Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t =  new  Thread(r);
       t.setDaemon( true );
        return  t;
    }
}
 
5.2 设置优先级属性
最高优先级MaxPriorityThreadFactory.java
package  com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import  java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 
public   class  MaxPriorityThreadFactory  implements  ThreadFactory {
     public  Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t =  new  Thread(r);
       t.setPriority(Thread. MAX_PRIORITY );
        return  t;
    }
}
最低优先级MinPriorityThreadFactory.java
package  com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import  java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 
public   class  MinPriorityThreadFactory  implements  ThreadFactory {
     public  Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t =  new  Thread(r);
       t.setPriority(Thread. MIN_PRIORITY );
        return  t;
    }
}
 
5.3启动带有属性设置的线程
ExecFromFactory.java
package  com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import  java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import  java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import  com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.DaemonThreadFactory;
import  com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MaxPriorityThreadFactory;
import  com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MinPriorityThreadFactory;
 
public   class  ExecFromFactory {
     public   static   void  main(String[] args)  throws  Exception {
       ExecutorService defaultExec = Executors. newCachedThreadPool();
       ExecutorService daemonExec = Executors
              . newCachedThreadPool( new  DaemonThreadFactory());
       ExecutorService maxPriorityExec = Executors
              . newCachedThreadPool( new  MaxPriorityThreadFactory());
       ExecutorService minPriorityExec = Executors
              . newCachedThreadPool( new  MinPriorityThreadFactory());
        for  ( int  i = 0; i < 10; i++)
           daemonExec.execute( new  MyThread(i));
        for  ( int  i = 10; i < 20; i++)
            if  (i == 10)
              maxPriorityExec.execute( new  MyThread(i));
            else   if  (i == 11)
              minPriorityExec.execute ( new  MyThread(i));
            else
              defaultExec.execute( new  MyThread(i));
    }
}
结果:
Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-4
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-5
Thread-5 run 1 time(s)
Thread-5 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-6
Create Thread-7
Thread-7 run 1 time(s)
Thread-7 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-8
Thread-8 run 1 time(s)
Thread-8 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-9
Create Thread-10
Thread-10 run 1 time(s)
Thread-10 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-11
Thread-9 run 1 time(s)
Thread-9 run 2 time(s)
Thread-6 run 1 time(s)
Thread-6 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-12
Create Thread-13
Create Thread-14
Thread-12 run 1 time(s)
Thread-12 run 2 time(s)
Thread-13 run 1 time(s)
Thread-13 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-15
Thread-15 run 1 time(s)
Thread-15 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-16
Thread-16 run 1 time(s)
Thread-16 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-17
Create Thread-18
Create Thread-19
Thread-14 run 1 time(s)
Thread-14 run 2 time(s)
Thread-17 run 1 time(s)
Thread-17 run 2 time(s)
Thread-18 run 1 time(s)
Thread-18 run 2 time(s)
Thread-19 run 1 time(s)
Thread-19 run 2 time(s)
Thread-11 run 1 time(s)
Thread-11 run 2 time(s)

本文出自 “i张俊” 博客,出处http://zhangjunhd.blog.51cto.com/113473/70068

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