ThreadPoolTaskExecutor和ThreadPoolExecutor

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-01 19:17:00 发布

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文章标签： java 开发语言

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44754515/article/details/125805766

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一、背景

今天在浏览代码发现前辈使用了ThreadPoolTaskExecutor，一时间有点懵，因为并不属于任何一个jdk下的线程池。后面浏览资料发现它属于Spring自带，所以根据网上博客来学习下：
首先在学习Spring自带的ThreadPoolTaskExecutor之前，我们先来回顾下老朋友：jdk下的ThreadPoolExecutor，很多人容易把这两个搞混。

二、ThreadPoolExecutor

这个类是JDK中的线程池类，继承自Executor， Executor 顾名思义是专门用来处理多线程相关的一个接口，所有线程相关的类都实现了这个接口，里面有一个execute()方法，用来执行线程，线程池主要提供一个线程队列，队列中保存着所有等待状态的线程。避免了创建与销毁的额外开销，提高了响应的速度。相关的继承实现类图例如ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor。
在这里插入图片描述

2.1、线程池接口

ExecutorService为线程池接口，提供了线程池生命周期方法，继承自Executor接口，ThreadPoolExecutor为线程池实现类，提供了线程池的维护操作等相关方法，继承自AbstractExecutorService，AbstractExecutorService实现了ExecutorService接口。

2.2、java.util.concurrent.Executor 负责线程的使用和调度的根接口

    |--ExecutorService 子接口： 线程池的主要接口
            |--ThreadPoolExecutor 线程池的实现类
            |--ScheduledExceutorService 子接口： 负责线程的调度
                |--ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor : 继承ThreadPoolExecutor，实现了ScheduledExecutorService

    
    
    
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2.3、工具类： Executors

Executors为线程池工具类，相当于一个工厂类，用来创建合适的线程池，返回ExecutorService类型的线程池。有人如下方法。
ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool() : 创建固定大小的线程池
ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() : 缓存线程池，线程池的数量不固定，可以根据需求自动的更改数量。
ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() : 创建单个线程池。线程池中只有一个线程

ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool() : 创建固定大小的线程，可以延迟或定时的执行任务

其中AbstractExecutorService是他的抽象父类，继承自ExecutorService,ExecutorService 接口扩展Executor接口，增加了生命周期方法。

实际应用中我一般都比较喜欢使用Exectuors工厂类来创建线程池，里面有五个方法，分别创建不同的线程池，如上，创建一个制定大小的线程池，Exectuors工厂实际上就是调用的ExectuorPoolService的构造方法，传入默认参数。

public class Executors {
<span class="token comment">/**
 * Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads
 * operating off a shared unbounded queue.  At any point, at most
 * {@code nThreads} threads will be active processing tasks.
 * If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active,
 * they will wait in the queue until a thread is available.
 * If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution
 * prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to
 * execute subsequent tasks.  The threads in the pool will exist
 * until it is explicitly {@link ExecutorService#shutdown shutdown}.
 *
 * @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool
 * @return the newly created thread pool
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code nThreads &lt;= 0}
 */</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token class-name">ExecutorService</span> <span class="token function">newFixedThreadPool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> nThreads<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nThreads<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nThreads<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                                  <span class="token number">0L</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TimeUnit</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>MILLISECONDS<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                                  <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LinkedBlockingQueue</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Runnable</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">/**
 * Creates a thread pool that maintains enough threads to support
 * the given parallelism level, and may use multiple queues to
 * reduce contention. The parallelism level corresponds to the
 * maximum number of threads actively engaged in, or available to
 * engage in, task processing. The actual number of threads may
 * grow and shrink dynamically. A work-stealing pool makes no
 * guarantees about the order in which submitted tasks are
 * executed.
 *
 * @param parallelism the targeted parallelism level
 * @return the newly created thread pool
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code parallelism &lt;= 0}
 * @since 1.8
 */</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token class-name">ExecutorService</span> <span class="token function">newWorkStealingPool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> parallelism<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ForkJoinPool</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">(</span>parallelism<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
         <span class="token class-name">ForkJoinPool</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
         <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

2.4、ThreadPoolExecutor

当然，例如阿里的规范。是不允许直接使用Executors去创建线程池的，我们可以使用ThreadPoolExecutor

package com.mbw.design_rule.figure;

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class ThreadDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService es = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10), Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
}
}

首先是静态方法newSingleThreadExecutor()、newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)、newCachedThreadPool()。我们来看一下其源码实现（基于JDK8）。

public class Executors {
     public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    }
    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
         return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token class-name">ExecutorService</span> <span class="token function">newCachedThreadPool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadPoolExecutor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>MAX_VALUE<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                                  <span class="token number">60L</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TimeUnit</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>SECONDS<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                                  <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SynchronousQueue</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Runnable</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

通过查看源码我们知道上述三种静态方法的内部实现均使用了ThreadPoolExecutor类。难怪阿里会建议通过ThreadPoolExecutor的方式实现，原来Executors类的静态方法也是用的它，只不过帮我们配了一些参数而已。
第二是ThreadPoolExecutor类的构造方法。既然现在要直接使用ThreadPoolExecutor类了，那么其中的初始化参数就要我们自己配了，了解其构造方法势在必行。

ThreadPoolExecutor类一共有四个构造方法，我们只需要了解之中的一个就可以了，因为其他三种构造方法只是帮我们配置了一些默认参数，最后还是调用了它。

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {}

 
 
 
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其中的参数含义是：
corePoolSize：线程池中的线程数量；
maximumPoolSize：线程池中的最大线程数量；
keepAliveTime：当线程池线程数量超过corePoolSize时，多余的空闲线程会在多长时间内被销毁；
unit：keepAliveTime的时间单位；
workQueue：任务队列，被提交但是尚未被执行的任务；
threadFactory：线程工厂，用于创建线程，一般情况下使用默认的，即Executors类的静态方法defaultThreadFactory()；handler：拒绝策略。当任务太多来不及处理时，如何拒绝任务。
对于这些参数要有以下了解：

①corePoolSize与maximumPoolSize的关系

首先corePoolSize肯定是 <= maximumPoolSize。

其他关系如下：

若当前线程池中线程数 < corePoolSize，则每来一个任务就创建一个线程去执行；
若当前线程池中线程数 >= corePoolSize，会尝试将任务添加到任务队列。如果添加成功，则任务会等待空闲线程将其取出并执行；
若队列已满，且当前线程池中线程数 < maximumPoolSize，创建新的线程，这类线程又叫救急线程；
若当前线程池中线程数 >= maximumPoolSize，则会采用拒绝策略（JDK提供了四种，下面会介绍到）。
注意：关系3是针对的有界队列，无界队列永远都不会满，所以只有前2种关系。

②workQueue

参数workQueue是指提交但未执行的任务队列。若当前线程池中线程数>=corePoolSize时，就会尝试将任务添加到任务队列中。主要有以下几种：

SynchronousQueue：直接提交队列。SynchronousQueue没有容量，所以实际上提交的任务不会被添加到任务队列，总是将新任务提交给线程执行，如果没有空闲的线程，则尝试创建新的线程，如果线程数量已经达到最大值（maximumPoolSize），则执行拒绝策略。
LinkedBlockingQueue：无界的任务队列。当有新的任务来到时，若系统的线程数小于corePoolSize，线程池会创建新的线程执行任务；当系统的线程数量等于corePoolSize后，因为是无界的任务队列，总是能成功将任务添加到任务队列中，所以线程数量不再增加。若任务创建的速度远大于任务处理的速度，无界队列会快速增长，直到内存耗尽。

③handler

JDK内置了四种拒绝策略

DiscardOldestPolicy策略：丢弃任务队列中最早添加的任务，并尝试提交当前任务；
CallerRunsPolicy策略：调用主线程执行被拒绝的任务，这提供了一种简单的反馈控制机制，将降低新任务的提交速度。
DiscardPolicy策略：默默丢弃无法处理的任务，不予任何处理。
AbortPolicy策略：直接抛出异常，阻止系统正常工作。

④处理流程

1.查看核心线程池是否已满，不满就创建一条线程执行任务，否则执行第二步。

2.查看任务队列是否已满，不满就将任务存储在任务队列中，否则执行第三步。

3.查看线程池是否已满，即就是是否达到最大线程池数，不满就创建一条线程执行任务，否则就按照策略处理无法执行的任务。

流程图如下
在这里插入图片描述

三、ThreadPoolTaskExecutor

上一篇分享了JDK自带的线程池ThreadPoolExecutor的配置和参数详解，然而我们实际开发中更多的是使用SpringBoot来开发，Spring默认也是自带了一个线程池方便我们开发，它就是ThreadPoolTaskExecutor，ThreadPoolTaskExecutor是对ThreadPoolExecutor进行了封装处理。接下来我们就来聊聊Spring的线程池吧。

3.1、@Async

在聊spring线程池之前，首先需要了解一个注解–@Async,当一个方法标上该注解时，在被调用的时候会开启一个新的线程开始异步操作，即用于异步处理。
在SpringBoot环境中，要使用@Async注解，我们需要先在启动类上加上@EnableAsync注解。这个与在SpringBoot中使用@Scheduled注解需要在启动类中加上@EnableScheduling是一样的道理。加上@EnableAsync注解后，如果我们想在调用一个方法的时候开启一个新的线程开始异步操作，我们只需要在这个方法上加上@Async注解，当然前提是，这个方法所在的类必须在Spring环境中。
如果对@Async底层感兴趣可以去浏览https://blog.csdn.net/BryantLmm/article/details/85129372

①创建线程池

我们可以使用springBoot默认的线程池，不过一般我们会自定义线程池（因为比较灵活），配置方式有：

使用 xml 文件配置的方式
使用Java代码结合@Configuration进行配置（推荐使用）
那么接下来我们是用第二种方法创建线程池

package com.mbw.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class ThreadPoolTaskConfig {
/** 核心线程数（默认线程数） /
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 20;
/* 最大线程数 /
private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 100;
/* 允许线程空闲时间（单位：默认为秒） /
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_TIME = 10;
/* 缓冲队列大小 /
private static final int QUEUE_CAPACITY = 200;
/* 线程池名前缀 */
private static final String THREAD_NAME_PREFIX = “mbw-Async-”;
@Bean(“taskExecutor”) // bean的名称，默认为首字母小写的方法名
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor(){
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setCorePoolSize(CORE_POOL_SIZE);
executor.setMaxPoolSize(MAX_POOL_SIZE);
executor.setQueueCapacity(QUEUE_CAPACITY);
executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(KEEP_ALIVE_TIME);
executor.setThreadNamePrefix(THREAD_NAME_PREFIX);

    <span class="token comment">// 线程池对拒绝任务的处理策略</span>
    <span class="token comment">// CallerRunsPolicy：由调用线程（提交任务的线程）处理该任务</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setRejectedExecutionHandler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadPoolExecutor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>CallerRunsPolicy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 初始化</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> executor<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

样就会申明一个线程池Bean

②编写异步方法

在使用多线程方法上标注@Async时表明调用的线程池，如下
注意：该类一定要处于spring环境中

package com.mbw.design_rule;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class AsyncTask {
@Async(“taskExecutor”)
public void doTaskThree() throws Exception {
log.info(“开始做任务三”);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Thread.sleep(10000);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
log.info(“完成任务三，耗时：” + (end - start) + “毫秒”);
}

}

③编写controller测试异步方法

package com.mbw.controller;

import com.mbw.design_rule.AsyncDemo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class DemoController {
@Autowired
public AsyncDemo asyncDemo;

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/async"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">getResult</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">Exception</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        asyncDemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">doTaskThree</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

启动后：
在这里插入图片描述

3.2、Spring默认线程池simpleAsyncTaskExecutor

Spring异步线程池的接口类是TaskExecutor，本质还是java.util.concurrent.Executor，没有配置的情况下，默认使用的是simpleAsyncTaskExecutor。
@Async演示Spring默认的simpleAsyncTaskExecutor

@Component
@EnableAsync
public class ScheduleTask {
<span class="token class-name">SimpleDateFormat</span> sdf <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SimpleDateFormat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Async</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Scheduled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fixedRate <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testScheduleTask</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Spring1自带的线程池"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"-"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sdf<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Async</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Scheduled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cron <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"*/2 * * * * ?"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testAsyn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Spring2自带的线程池"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"-"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sdf<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> ex<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        ex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

从运行结果可以看出Spring默认的@Async用线程池名字为SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor，而且每次都会重新创建一个新的线程，所以可以看到TaskExecutor-后面带的数字会一直变大。

simpleAsyncTaskExecutor的特点是，每次执行任务时，它会重新启动一个新的线程，并允许开发者控制并发线程的最大数量（concurrencyLimit），从而起到一定的资源节流作用。默认是concurrencyLimit取值为-1，即不启用资源节流。

3.3、Spring的线程池ThreadPoolTaskExecutor

上面介绍了Spring默认的线程池simpleAsyncTaskExecutor，但是Spring更加推荐我们开发者使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor类来创建线程池，其本质是对java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor的包装。

这个类则是spring包下的，是Spring为我们开发者提供的线程池类，这里重点讲解这个类的用法。

Spring提供了xml给我们配置ThreadPoolTaskExecutor线程池，但是现在普遍都在用SpringBoot开发项目，所以直接上yaml或者properties配置即可，或者也可以使用@Configuration配置也行，关于使用在3.1讲解@Async的时候其实已经使用，这里在通过配置文件的形式回顾下：
application.properties

# 核心线程池数
spring.task.execution.pool.core-size=5
# 最大线程池数
spring.task.execution.pool.max-size=10
# 任务队列的容量
spring.task.execution.pool.queue-capacity=5
# 非核心线程的存活时间
spring.task.execution.pool.keep-alive=60
# 线程池的前缀名称
spring.task.execution.thread-name-prefix=god-jiang-task-

 
 
 
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AsyncScheduledTaskConfig.java

@Configuration
public class AsyncScheduledTaskConfig {
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${spring.task.execution.pool.core-size}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> corePoolSize<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${spring.task.execution.pool.max-size}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> maxPoolSize<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${spring.task.execution.pool.queue-capacity}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> queueCapacity<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${spring.task.execution.thread-name-prefix}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> namePrefix<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${spring.task.execution.pool.keep-alive}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> keepAliveSeconds<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Bean</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">Executor</span> <span class="token function">myAsync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token class-name">ThreadPoolTaskExecutor</span> executor <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadPoolTaskExecutor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//最大线程数</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setMaxPoolSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>maxPoolSize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//核心线程数</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCorePoolSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>corePoolSize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//任务队列的大小</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setQueueCapacity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>queueCapacity<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//线程前缀名</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setThreadNamePrefix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>namePrefix<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//线程存活时间</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setKeepAliveSeconds</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keepAliveSeconds<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">/**
     * 拒绝处理策略
     * CallerRunsPolicy()：交由调用方线程运行，比如 main 线程。
     * AbortPolicy()：直接抛出异常。
     * DiscardPolicy()：直接丢弃。
     * DiscardOldestPolicy()：丢弃队列中最老的任务。
     */</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setRejectedExecutionHandler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadPoolExecutor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AbortPolicy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//线程初始化</span>
    executor<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> executor<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

在方法上添加@Async注解，然后还需要在@SpringBootApplication启动类或者@Configuration注解类上添加注解@EnableAsync启动多线程注解，@Async就会对标注的方法开启异步多线程调用，注意，这个方法的类一定要交给Spring容器来管理

@Component
@EnableAsync
public class ScheduleTask {
<span class="token class-name">SimpleDateFormat</span> sdf <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SimpleDateFormat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Async</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myAsync"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Scheduled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fixedRate <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testScheduleTask</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Spring1自带的线程池"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"-"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sdf<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Async</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myAsync"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Scheduled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cron <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"*/2 * * * * ?"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testAsyn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Spring2自带的线程池"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"-"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sdf<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> ex<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        ex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

在这里插入图片描述
以上从运行结果可以看出，自定义ThreadPoolTaskExecutor可以实现线程的复用，而且还能控制好线程数，写出更好的多线程并发程序。

另外需要注意的是：关于注解失效需要注意以下几点

注解的方法必须是public方法
方法一定要从另一个类中调用，也就是从类的外部调用，类的内部调用是无效的，因为**@Transactional和@Async注解的实现都是基于Spring的AOP，而AOP的实现是基于动态代理模式实现的**。那么注解失效的原因就很明显了，有可能因为调用方法的是对象本身而不是代理对象，因为没有经过Spring容器。
异步方法使用注解@Async的返回值只能为void或者Future
而关于ThreadPoolTaskExecutor的拒绝策略和处理流程其实和ThreadPoolExecutor是一致的，可以从ThreadPoolTaskExecutor配置类配置拒绝策略的时候看出：本质上还是使用ThreadPoolExecutor的拒绝策略。

四、参考链接

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/346086161
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43168010/article/details/97613895

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43168010/article/details/94436901

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