1.spring的java配置方式

Spring的Java配置方式是通过 @Configuration 和 @Bean 这两个注解实现的：

1、@Configuration 作用于类上，相当于一个xml配置文件；

2、@Bean 作用于方法上，相当于xml配置中的<bean>；

 1.新建一个maven项目

2.pom.xml设置

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.cloudtech</groupId>
	<artifactId>springboot</artifactId>
	<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>war</packaging>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 连接池 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.jolbox</groupId>
			<artifactId>bonecp-spring</artifactId>
			<version>0.8.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
		<plugins>
			<!-- 资源文件拷贝插件 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<!-- java编译插件 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.7</source>
					<target>1.7</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
		<pluginManagement>
			<plugins>
				<!-- 配置Tomcat插件 -->
				<plugin>
					<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
					<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
					<version>2.2</version>
				</plugin>
			</plugins>
		</pluginManagement>
	</build>
</project>

 

package com.cloudtech.dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.cloudtech.entity.User;

public class UserDAO {
    
    public List<User> queryUserList(){
        List<User> result = new ArrayList<User>();
        // 模拟数据库的查询
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            User user = new User();
            user.setUsername("username_" + i);
            user.setPassword("password_" + i);
            user.setAge(i + 1);
            result.add(user);
        }
        return result;
    }

}

 

package com.cloudtech.entity;
public class User {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private Integer age;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

package com.cloudtech.javaconfig;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import com.cloudtech.entity.User;
import com.cloudtech.service.UserService;

public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 通过Java配置来实例化Spring容器
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        
        // 在Spring容器中获取Bean对象
        UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class);
        
        // 调用对象中的方法
        List<User> list = userService.queryUserList();
        for (User user : list) {
            System.out.println(user.getUsername() + ", " + user.getPassword() + ", " + user.getPassword());
        }
        
        // 销毁该容器
        context.destroy();
    }

}

package com.cloudtech.javaconfig;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.cloudtech.dao.UserDAO;

@Configuration //通过该注解来表明该类是一个Spring的配置，相当于一个xml文件
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.cloudtech") //配置扫描包
public class SpringConfig {
    
    @Bean // 通过该注解来表明是一个Bean对象，相当于xml中的<bean>
    public UserDAO getUserDAO(){
        return new UserDAO(); // 直接new对象做演示
    }
    
}

package com.cloudtech.service;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.cloudtech.dao.UserDAO;
import com.cloudtech.entity.User;

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired // 注入Spring容器中的bean对象
    private UserDAO userDAO;

    public List<User> queryUserList() {
        // 调用userDAO中的方法进行查询
        return this.userDAO.queryUserList();
    }

}

启动main方法效果如下

八月 07, 2018 12:05:17 上午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@4d405ef7: startup date [Tue Aug 07 00:05:17 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
username_0, password_0, password_0
username_1, password_1, password_1
username_2, password_2, password_2
username_3, password_3, password_3
username_4, password_4, password_4
username_5, password_5, password_5
username_6, password_6, password_6
username_7, password_7, password_7
username_8, password_8, password_8
username_9, password_9, password_9
八月 07, 2018 12:05:17 上午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@4d405ef7: startup date [Tue Aug 07 00:05:17 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy

从以上的示例中可以看出，使用Java代码就完美的替代xml配置文件，并且结构更加的清晰。