Redis单机实例搭建

搭建环境:
环境: CentOS 7.0 使用IPtable防火墙
Redis 版本: redis-3.2.6 安装源码包(目前最新稳定版本)
安装目录: /usr/local/redis
用户: root

Redis优点:
异常快速 : Redis是非常快的,每秒可以执行大约110000设置操作,81000个/每秒的读取操作。

支持丰富的数据类型 : Redis支持最大多数开发人员已经知道如列表,集合,可排序集合,哈希等数据类型。

这使得在应用中很容易解决的各种问题,因为我们知道哪些问题处理使用哪种数据类型更好解决。
操作都是原子的 : 所有 Redis 的操作都是原子,从而确保当两个客户同时访问 Redis 服务器得到的是更新后的值(最新值)。

MultiUtility工具:Redis是一个多功能实用工具,可以在很多如:缓存,消息传递队列中使用(Redis原生支持发布/订阅),在应用程序中,如:Web应用程序会话,网站页面点击数等任何短暂的数据;

安装步骤:

  • 下载redis3.6.tar.gz源码包,并安装到指定目录
//编译和安装所需的包:
# yum install gcc tcl
//下载redis-3.2.6 版本,并上传到 /usr/local/src目录
# cd /usr/local/src
//创建安装目录:
# mkdir /usr/local/redis
//解压:
# tar -zxvf redis3.6.tar.gz
# cd redis3.6
//安装(使用 PREFIX 指定安装目录):
# make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
//安装完成后, 可以看到/usr/local/redis 目录下有一个 bin 目录, bin 目录里就是 redis 的命令脚本
  • 将 Redis 配置成服务:
    按上面的操作步骤, Redis 的启动脚本为: /usr/local/src/redis3.6/utils/redis_init_script
    将启动脚本复制到/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下,并命名为 redis.
//编辑/etc/rc.d/init.d/redis, 修改相应配置,使之能注册成为服务:
# cp /usr/local/src/redis3.6/utils/redis_init_script /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis
  • 修改redis配置文件:

(1) 在脚本的第一行后面添加一行内容如下:
  #chkconfig: 2345 80 90
(如果不添加上面的内容,在注册服务时会提示: service redis does not support chkconfig)
(2) REDISPORT 端口保持 6379 不变; (注意,端口名将与下面的配置文件名有关)
(3) EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server 改为     EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server
(4) CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli 改为 CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli
(5) 配置文件设置:
    创建 redis 配置文件目录
# mkdir /usr/local/redis/conf
复制 redis 配置文件/usr/local/src/redis3.6/redis.conf到/usr/local/redis/conf 目录并按端口
号重命名为 6379.conf
# cp /usr/local/src/redis3.6/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/6379.conf
做了以上准备后,再对 CONF 属性作如下调整:
CONF="/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf" 改为 CONF="/usr/local/redis/conf/${REDISPORT}.conf"
(6) 更改 redis 开启的命令,以后台运行的方式执行:
$EXEC $CONF & #“ &”作用是将服务转到后面运行

修改文件如图所示:


修改后的/etc/rc.d/init.d/redis 服务脚本内容为:
#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig: 2345 80 90
#
# Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems
# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.
REDISPORT=6379
EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli
PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid
CONF="/usr/local/redis/conf/${REDISPORT}.conf"
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
then
echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
else
echo "Starting Redis server..."
$EXEC $CONF &
fi
;;
stop)
if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
then
echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
else
PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
echo "Stopping ..."
$CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT shutdown
while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]
do
echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...

sleep 1
done
echo "Redis stopped"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"
;;
esac
  • 以上配置操作完成后, 便可将 Redis 注册成为服务:
//注册服务
# chkconfig --add redis
//防火墙中打开对应的端口,注意云服务器要同步打开安全组端口
# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
//添加:
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 6379 -j ACCEPT
//重启防火墙:
# service iptables restart
  • 修改 redis 配置文件设置:
//修改如下配置
//改为 yes ,指定redis转为后台服务运行
daemonize no 改为> daemonize yes
//redis启动生成PID位置 ,注意要和上面 redis配置文件 pidfile 位置一致,否则将无法关闭redis服务。
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid 改为> pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid
//启动 Redis 服务
# service redis start
将 Redis 添加到环境变量中:
# vi /etc/profile
在最后添加以下内容:
## Redis env
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/redis/bin
使配置生效:
# source /etc/profile

默认情况下, Redis 开启安全认证,可以通过/usr/local/redis/conf/6379.conf 的 requirepass 指定一个
验证密码。参考博客

注意事项:

  • redis安全配置只可以本机访问(可参考 Redis官网安全介绍),如果需要公网IP访问可以修改如下配置,注意配置公网可以访问最后加上密码进行授权。

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into
# the IPv4 lookback interface address (this means Redis will be able to
# accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it
# is running).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//注释掉   bind 127.0.0.1 本地绑定,默认是打开的
#bind 127.0.0.1
# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and if:
#
# 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the
#    "bind" directive.
# 2) No password is configured.
#
# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the
# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain
# sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces
# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.
//关闭保护模式 默认是 yes
protected-mode no
  • Java推荐使用 Jedis 连接服务器,spring-redis.xml 配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- Jedis链接池配置 -->

    <bean id="jedisPoolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig">
        <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
        <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="60000" />
        <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="30000" />
        <property name="numTestsPerEvictionRun" value="-1" />
        <property name="maxTotal" value="8" />
        <property name="maxIdle" value="8" />
        <property name="minIdle" value="0" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="shardedJedisPool" class="redis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedisPool">
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="jedisPoolConfig" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <list>
                <bean class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisShardInfo">
                    <constructor-arg index="0" value="115.159.109.33" />
                    <constructor-arg index="1" value="6379" type="int" />
                </bean>
            </list>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>
  • Jedis简单使用实例:

package wusc.edu.demo.redis;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import redis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedisPool;

/**
 * 
 * @描述: Redis测试 .
 * @创建时间: 2015-3-23,上午1:30:40 .
 * @版本号: V1.0 .
 */
public class RedisSpringTest {
    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(RedisSpringTest.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring/spring-context.xml");
            context.start();

            ShardedJedisPool pool = (ShardedJedisPool) context.getBean("shardedJedisPool");
            ShardedJedis jedis = pool.getResource();

            String key = "wusc";
            String value = "";

            jedis.del(key); // 删数据

            jedis.set(key, "keyValue"); // 存数据
            value = jedis.get(key); // 取数据
            log.info(key + "=" + value);

            jedis.set(key, "keyValue2"); // 存数据
            value = jedis.get(key); // 取数据
            log.info(key + "=" + value);

            jedis.del(key); // 删数据
            value = jedis.get(key); // 取数据
            log.info(key + "=" + value);

            context.stop();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("==>RedisSpringTest context start error:", e);
            System.exit(0);
        } finally {
            log.info("===>System.exit");
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}
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