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One of the main challenges in feature learning using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) for large- scale face recognition is the design of appropriate loss func- tions that enhance discriminative power. Centre loss pe- nalises the distance between the deep features and their cor- responding class centres in the Euclidean space to achieve intra-class compactness. SphereFace assumes that the lin- ear transformation matrix in the last fully connected layer can be used as a representation of the class centres in an angular space and penalises the angles between the deep features and their corresponding weights in a multiplicative way.

数字图像处The diameter, x, of the retinal image corresponding to the dot is obtained from similar triangles, as shown in Fig. P2.1. That is, (d=2) 0:2 = (x=2) 0:014 which gives x = 0:07d. From the discussion in Section 2.1.1, and taking some liberties of interpretation, we can think of the fovea as a square sensor array having on the order of 337,000 elements, which translates into an array of size 580£ 580 elements. Assuming equal spacing between elements, this gives 580 elements and 579 spaces on a line 1.5 mm long. The size of each element and each space is then s = [(1:5mm)=1; 159] = 1:3£10¡6 m. If the size (on the fovea) of the imaged dot is less than the size of a single resolution element, we assume that the dot will be invisible to the eye. In other words, the eye will not detect a dot if its diameter, d, is such that 0:07(d) < 1:3 £ 10¡6 m, or d < 18:6 £ 10¡6 m. Figure理