很多人都会在平时开发过程中遇到 400 或 500 异常,并且也没有走到服务端 controller 中,就变得有些不知所措。
我们知道 SpringMVC 从 DispatchServlet 开始接收与分发请求,从入口开始 debug,还能找不到问题所在么?
从 DispatchServlet 的 doDispatch() 方法开始处理请求:
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//删除一些代码
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
// 删除一些代码
try {
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
}
applyDefaultViewName(request, mv);
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex; // 这里捕获了异常TypeMismatchException
}
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
}
finally {
// 删除一些代码
}
}
其实在这儿我们就能看到 exception 的具体异常栈,有兴趣的可以继续看 springMVC 的处理方法 processDispatchResult。
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, ModelAndView mv, Exception exception) throws Exception {
boolean errorView = false;
if (exception != null) {
if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
}
else {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);// 执行这个方法
errorView = (mv != null);
}
}
// 方便阅读,删除了其他代码
}
这个方法中对异常进行判断,发现不是 “ModelAndViewDefiningException” 就交给 processHandlerException 方法继续处理。
protected ModelAndView processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
// Check registered HandlerExceptionResolvers...
ModelAndView exMv = null;
for (HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver : this.handlerExceptionResolvers) {
exMv = handlerExceptionResolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex);
if (exMv != null) {
break;
}
}
// 去掉了一些代码
throw ex;
}
这里看到 for 循环来找一个 handlerExceptionResolver 来处理这个异常。handler 列表有 spring 自带的 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver、ResponseStatusExceptionResolver、DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver 以及自定义的 exceptionResolver。
这些都继承自 AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver 类,这个类是一个抽象类,它实现了 HandlerExceptionResolver 接口,它对 HandlerExceptionResolver 接口约定的方法的所实现代码如下:
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception ex) {
if (shouldApplyTo(request, handler)) {
logException(ex, request);
prepareResponse(ex, response);
return doResolveException(request, response, handler, ex);
}
else {
return null;
}
}
首先判断当前异常处理器是否可以处理当前的目标 handler。例如通过 for 循环依次发现轮到 DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver 才能处理,那么最终会执行该 handlerExceptionResolver 的 doResolveException 方法。
protected ModelAndView doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception ex) {
try {
if (ex instanceof NoSuchRequestHandlingMethodException) {
return handleNoSuchRequestHandlingMethod(...);
}
// 删除部分else if instanceof 判断
else if (ex instanceof TypeMismatchException) {
// 执行到了这里
return handleTypeMismatch((TypeMismatchException) ex, request, response, handler);
}
// 删除部分else if instanceof 判断
else if (ex instanceof BindException) {
return handleBindException((BindException) ex, request, response, handler);
}
}
catch (Exception handlerException) {
}
return null;
}
通过对异常类型的判断,来执行相应 handleXXXException 方法。而 handleXXXException 方法中,有很多是会抛出 400 错误的!
举个几个栗子:
protected ModelAndView handleMissingServletRequestParameter(MissingServletRequestParameterException ex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws IOException {
response.sendError(400, ex.getMessage());
return new ModelAndView();
}
protected ModelAndView handleServletRequestBindingException(ServletRequestBindingException ex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws IOException {
response.sendError(400, ex.getMessage());
return new ModelAndView();
}
protected ModelAndView handleTypeMismatch(TypeMismatchException ex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws IOException {
response.sendError(400);
return new ModelAndView();
}
protected ModelAndView handleHttpMessageNotReadable(HttpMessageNotReadableException ex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws IOException {
response.sendError(400);
return new ModelAndView();
}
protected ModelAndView handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws IOException {
response.sendError(400);
return new ModelAndView();
}
protected ModelAndView handleMissingServletRequestPartException(MissingServletRequestPartException ex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws IOException {
response.sendError(400, ex.getMessage());
return new ModelAndView();
}
protected ModelAndView handleBindException(BindException ex, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws IOException {
response.sendError(400);
return new ModelAndView();
}
那么抛出 400 错误的时候该怎么解决呢?
从服务端角度出发,可以定义完善的全局异常处理器 exceptionHandler,把易抛出 400 的错误例如 TypeMismatchException、BindException 都给处理掉,返回能看得懂的信息。
从客户端请求过程中来看,可以自定义 handlerExceptionResolver,只需实现 HandlerExceptionResolver 接口即可,例如:
public class ApiHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception exception) {
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
// do something ...
return model;
}
}
所以遇到 400 错误的时候不要慌,毕竟 400 它是个标准的错误码,好好 debug 或者查阅一下相关资料便能迎刃而解。
作者:fredalxin
链接:
https://fredal.xin/400-error-deal